<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Young Builders]]></title><description><![CDATA[Modern online professoring 😉: learning strategies and practices, AI-native education, immersive learning theory and practice.]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QEg!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1f4b3f9-fd85-4476-9b02-6fc58df597d7_1024x1024.png</url><title>Young Builders</title><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sun, 26 Jul 2026 21:23:16 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[leonelmorgado@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[leonelmorgado@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[leonelmorgado@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[leonelmorgado@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[How on earth do you put an ambition to use AI in education into practice?]]></title><description><![CDATA[One case involving personal projects, AI-supported dialectics, and 220 Object-Oriented Programming students.]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/how-on-earth-do-you-put-an-ambition</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/how-on-earth-do-you-put-an-ambition</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 11:43:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#127477;&#127481; <a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/como-raio-se-poe-em-pratica-uma-ambicao">There&#8217;s a Portuguese language version.</a></p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21309211">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21309211</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png" width="1456" height="764" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:764,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:714588,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206560496?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-1Hl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F53e59c7f-1ac1-43b9-804c-7a68be1c4966_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Not long ago, I wrote here that <a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/since-the-xixth-century-we-have-wanted">AI will force us to take seriously educational ambitions we have been proclaiming since the nineteenth century</a>: understanding, purpose, personal appropriation, the ability to judge, decide, and take responsibility. Those are fine ideas. Defending them in an essay is relatively easy.</p><p>Then Monday comes.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Those ideas have to appear in concrete activities, with assignment briefs students can interpret and work that fits the course credits. Students need support (in my case at Universidade Aberta, asynchronously and in writing, through Moodle forums). Everything has to fit the deadlines. And then it has to be assessed. All of this while students use GPTs or other AI systems. I strongly encourage them to do so, but they would still use them if I discouraged them. They may use them well, use them badly... use them critically to explore a difficulty, or simply use them to produce something that fills the allotted space in an assignment. An instructor&#8217;s work should not consist of naively drawing boundaries around when the tools may be used, nor should it waste away trying to detect their tracks in pursuit of a chimera. At least I do not think that is a useful way to practise our profession. I am more interested in raising the ambition of what students are to learn and in finding processes that are workable for the general body of students and educators. In other words, processes that are not reserved for those who already have high motivation, commitment, resilience, and dedication. On the contrary, processes that work within the complex reality of human beings as they are, including those who would probably never get there without guidance, support, or enriching experiences.</p><p>This essay is about one of my concrete attempts. I carried it out during the 2025/26 academic year, in an Object-Oriented Programming course on the Informatics Engineering degree at Universidade Aberta, with 220 students (give or take: the number does not remain stable over the semester). Do not expect me to present wondrous results showing learning gains. Finding out whether something in education is better than something else, or even better than doing nothing, is an unrewarding, time-consuming task, because we cannot take the same students through the same experience twice. Knowing that will take years and meticulous research into the plans, their execution, and so forth. What I have now is an activity design that was actually used, something real rather than merely imagined. I have the artefacts that gave it form, observations from its implementation, and a considerably clearer idea of what seems to have gone well and what I aspire to improve.</p><h2>What remained untaught when we taught Object-Oriented Programming</h2><p>If you come from another field, do not be put off by this being about computer science. I think it will be useful for (almost) everyone. A brief explanation will be enough to establish the context. Object-oriented programming is a way (let us call it that) of organising the structure of computer programs so that they remain easier to understand, modify, and manage as they grow and as many hands and minds start tampering with them, rather than just one skilful software craftsperson. It uses several techniques for this purpose, with names that reflect ideals, such as &#8220;encapsulation&#8221;, &#8220;overloading&#8221;, &#8220;inheritance&#8221;, and &#8220;polymorphism&#8221;. Their precise meanings do not matter for this essay. It is enough to understand that they are techniques for organising and structuring complex things.</p><p>In practice, pressures of scale (the number of students), heterogeneity (the variation in each student&#8217;s level of attainment), and time (do I really need to explain?) meant that much of the teaching ended up concentrating on the expression and practice of syntax and techniques. There are good reasons for this, mind you. They are complex, they require repetition and experience, the code has to work, and the most basic errors may stop a student from moving forward. It is possible (common, in fact) to teach encapsulation without the student ever feeling what problem the technique has solved. A student may implement inheritance without developing any criterion for deciding when it will make a program easier to evolve and when it will instead trap the program inside a poor structural decision.</p><p>A customary solution is to develop individual projects. When someone tries to give form to an idea that is genuinely their own, the classes stop aping examples prepared by the instructor and begin to reflect responsibilities towards that idea. The devil emerges in the details: is the state of each element coherent? Do we allow something to change or be replicated, or impose it as static and unique? Do we identify common practices, collaboration, and trust, or do small differences generate boundaries and separation? (Easy, computer-science colleagues, I am writing it this way so that people outside computing can follow the general argument.) It is in these details, piece by piece and line by line, that understanding the principles proves useful.</p><p>This path of project-based learning has (had?) a logistical problem. Regularly following the projects of more than two hundred students, especially at an online university, would inevitably distribute feedback unevenly (even with tutors supporting groups). Some students would ask questions early, when teaching pressure was lower, and might receive more attention. Others would proceed in silence for weeks, never asking a question or releasing them all in a deluge, all at the same time. Giving every student an individual, detailed, timely appraisal would demand an unbearable effort from the teaching team... and, come to think of it, from the students too: if we are providing public feedback, imagine having to read individual feedback addressed to that many classmates!</p><p>AI has altered this state of affairs. It has made it feasible to ask for more concrete realisations, create short feedback cycles for everyone, and devote teaching attention to those aspects where lived experience, knowledge of the class, a reading of the person and the situation, and professional judgement really add something.</p><p>I hope it is clear that this context does not belong to computer science alone. Many fields face the challenge of getting complex concepts, techniques, and principles to be genuinely understood, mastered, and applied (&#8221;mobilised&#8221;, as my Brazilian colleagues so endearingly put it). Project-based learning is common in such situations; this case in object-oriented programming just happens to be my own circumstance.</p><h2>Two weeks with an idea that fights back</h2><p>The semester project is not assigned by the instructor. The student proposes it, because the student has to want to make it happen. If the instructor chooses it, all the criteria concerning what matters vanish; they become an illusion, because the real criterion becomes &#8220;<em>please the teacher</em>&#8221; or &#8220;<em>guess what the teacher wants</em>&#8221;. Everything therefore begins with a proposal from the student, while the teacher provides only qualitative contours. I asked for personal or professional relevance, for a project rich in structural decisions, and for something that could fit the available time. &#8220;<em>I&#8217;ll be making an application</em>&#8221; is not enough. &#8220;<em>I&#8217;ll make an innovative application to improve the user experience</em>&#8221; says even less by faking it too much. The student needs to discover what they really want to lay bare, what they want to make happen, and why it matters to them.</p><p>During the first week, the proposal goes through several forms.</p><p>It begins with just one paragraph setting out the project idea. A short one! No Faulkner-length paragraphs (usually hollow in intention; it was already like that before, and is even more so in the age of GPTs). That idea must immediately be made concrete in a 25-to-35-word micronarrative, produced through a structured approach called &#8220;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction_prototyping">micro SciFi-Prototyping</a>&#8221; (&#956;SFP, a technique I learnt from Vic Callaghan), which requires thinking about characters, situations, and actions. It is the first of many conversions of the idea. The second changes to an analytical view: what entities exist within the idea, and what behaviours do those entities have, or what behaviours exist between them? The cognitive conversions continue. The student then reveals one or two clearer narratives showing how they imagine their project taking shape in real situations: still very short things, which computer scientists call <em>user stories</em> (a rather naff piece of jargon; people probably think it sounds &#8220;more technical&#8221;, but it is the term in use). Then another conversion of the idea! The student represents them as visual comic-strips (the posh name is <em>storyboards</em>) and draws one or two sketches (the term is &#8220;<em>mockups</em>&#8220; or &#8220;low-fidelity prototypes&#8221;) of what the screens in the computer applications used in those narratives might eventually look like.</p><p>The drawing may be crude: aesthetics are not being assessed. It may also be beautiful; that is for each person to decide. What matters is whether the situation in this visual narrative has really been imagined, whether it is credible and pertinent, whether it makes sense in relation to the original idea as clarified in the micronarrative, and whether the screen sketches reflect what they need to allow to happen in the narrative&#8217;s storyboard. With each successive cognitive transformation, the idea finds fewer places to hide inside each person&#8217;s mind: well-intentioned sentences start leaving the ideas&#8217; toes and bellies sticking out, while futile adjectives collide with the real world revealed through narratives and sketches.</p><p>During the second week, students begin to establish the cognitive connection with the course content, which they had been asked to study from the outset. They must identify the first candidate &#8220;classes&#8221;, draw a simple diagram of them, and produce small prototypes in Python code. The assignment brief deliberately limits the scale of what is submitted: two or three small classes, one or two methods beyond the constructor (reader: if you do not know what that is, never mind), two or three instances (reader: if you do not know what those are, make a note saying &#8220;another technical concept&#8221;), and about sixty lines of code. The student does not have to submit everything they produce, because in an environment where AI is available, volume demonstrates no value. They do have to choose examples that are relevant for the purposes of feedback and assessment. We need only enough material to confront all the elements with one another, see whether they are coherent, and find whether they reflect a personal interest, a personal choice, and so forth.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png" width="1456" height="857" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:857,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2183762,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206560496?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kEfn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd97c309d-9a78-4e0b-879a-c81f6cf34a10_1800x1060.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>The same project is expressed in several ways. These images come from the example provided to students; they are not student work.</em></p><p>This is quite a literal implementation of something <a href="https://pirun.ku.ac.th/~btun/papert/sitcons.pdf">Seymour Papert and Idit Harel</a> associated with constructionism: building knowledge while building an entity that can be subjected to the &#8220;test of reality&#8221;. Does it hold up in reality? Can it be shown, discussed, and reformulated? <a href="https://ccl.northwestern.edu/papers/concrete/">In a chapter from the same book, Uri Wilensky</a> proposed that abstract and concrete concepts are not different kinds of things: abstraction is not a fixed property of a concept or object. It depends on the richness of the relationship we construct with it, on the representations, interactions, and connections we manage to establish. A project idea becomes more concrete when the student gives it life and brings it into the real world: when they narrate, draw, model, and program it, and find differences between those forms.</p><p>The almost inevitable conflict throughout these transformations has a disclosure function: it demands critical thought and reflection. To use the example, if a character in the idea&#8217;s micronarrative can have several places where they store equipment but the class diagram reveals a single global inventory, there is a conflict. If the storyboard says the user is comparing choices but the mockup has space for only one, there is a conflict. If the student claims the inventory is encapsulated (a course concept) but the script reveals that the game master can change it directly, there is a conflict. A project idea, both in general and in its connection to the course content (object orientation), ceases to be a list of words. The student now has a problem of their own to untangle, the greatest problem of all: <em>what do I want?</em></p><h2>Two GPTs for structuring dialectics within an open ecosystem</h2><p>Students could use any GPT throughout the course. I also provided two custom GPTs, accessible through direct links from the course pages. They were neither the &#8220;authorised&#8221; tools nor &#8220;indispensable&#8221;. Their purpose was to give every student access to two modes of dialectic already structured around the learning objectives of the course, the tasks, and the object-oriented programming principles under study.</p><p>The <a href="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-68db06390acc81919ebc07e23ef4e93c-socrates-digital-da-programacao-por-objetos">Digital Socrates</a> asks questions, insists, and looks for inconsistencies between what the student says they want, what they proposed, and the ways in which they have begun to give it form. It should resist the temptation to offer a ready-made solution, although we know preventing it from doing so is impossible; it simply does not tend to jump straight there. <a href="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-68db0a17526c81919d077219b1e1da74-analista-aristotelico-e-estoico-da-programacao-oo">The second GPT combines an Aristotelian and Stoic orientation</a>. It helps explore the consequences of each choice and leads the student to decide what limits they accept for their ambitions.</p><p>There could have been three GPTs: one for the inconsistency, another for the consequence, and another for the limits. I chose two because the activity had two moments. First, discover the distance between the intention and the form it had been given in the design. Then understand what that distance will do to the project and decide how far it is reasonable to resolve it during the semester.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png" width="1456" height="849" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:849,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:234626,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206560496?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Dm3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab4f4a99-8c01-4fb3-a91d-74dba9b22591_1800x1050.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>The GPTs provided bring context and a form of dialogue. The prompts used to configure them are also shared.</em></p><p>This last point matters. Yes, I know: if it did not, I would not have brought it up. But I am stressing it to capture your attention. An academic project does not have to be perfect. Even the meaning of &#8220;good&#8221; varies across projects, students, and points in the semester. The available time varies, as do prior experience, the risk we are prepared to take, and the effort that is possible or desired; the course concepts surround all of this. A student may retain an option that is simpler now but will make their work harder in future. They need to see that consequence, define the bounds of the compromise, and take responsibility for the decision.</p><p>That is why the map requested during the second week had four columns:</p><p><strong>Inconsistency &#8594; Consequence &#8594; Accepted limit &#8594; Object-oriented programming principle</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1976557,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206560496?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U3Mq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff6e81662-2059-4339-8e58-01057683c21b_1800x1013.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>The map turns a vague observation into a technical decision. The synthesis connects that decision with the diagram, the code, and the other artefacts.</em></p><p>A generic GPT could also discuss these matters with students; I need not have provided the <a href="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-68db06390acc81919ebc07e23ef4e93c-socrates-digital-da-programacao-por-objetos">Digital Socrates</a> and the <a href="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-68db0a17526c81919d077219b1e1da74-analista-aristotelico-e-estoico-da-programacao-oo">Aristotelian-Stoic GPT</a>. If the student failed to supply the context of the course and the task, however, they would not obtain an appropriate interaction. The disparity in the quality of those interactions would be enormous across a large group of students. The prepared GPTs lower that barrier. There is also an institutional and data-protection issue. In light of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, well-intentioned but ill-fated), it is unacceptable to require every student to create an account and send personal data to a service outside the European Union merely to use a particular GPT. And if we can avoid imposing costs on students, it is right to give them that freedom. Use of the GPTs I created as OpenAI <em>custom GPTs</em> is therefore optional. In a Prompt Grimoire within the course, I publish the prompts for every GPT I use. I also publish their reference files whenever necessary, allowing students to reproduce the interaction in another system. As alternatives to OpenAI, they may use a service hosted in the European Union, in Portugal, at the institution itself, from another provider of the student&#8217;s choice, or even a language model running on their own computer. Tools such as <a href="https://ollama.com/">Ollama</a> and <a href="https://lmstudio.ai/">LM Studio</a> already make it possible to run models locally without sending conversations to an external service.</p><h2>Automated feedback for everyone changes the teaching work</h2><p>The logistical gain from accepting and encouraging the use of GPTs is immediate: every student can obtain detailed, personalised, specific feedback without waiting for an instructor to find the time to get to their project and analyse it in full depth. Yet the presence of GPTs in the course creates a permanent demand upon instructors and tutors... and students. We all have to demonstrate our value beyond what the GPT already provides.</p><p>This has interesting consequences for forum dynamics. When faced with a question, I can reply: &#8220;This is what the Digital Socrates says when I put your question to it.&#8221; And then add: &#8220;And this is what I have to say on my own part.&#8221; The first response will usually address formal aspects or generic or canonical expectations: an omission, a criterion, an example. The second may recognise a particular intention, relate it to something that happened in another project, distinguish a conceptual difficulty from a reasonable decision, notice that the student is steering clear of an important risk, or say, from experience, where it is worth persisting.</p><p>This open use of AI encourages students to share their AI conversations, questions, and results. After all, if &#8220;<em>even the teacher does it</em>...&#8221;, the conversation no longer remains hidden for fear that it might seem illegitimate. No, colleagues, telling students that they may use it is not enough, because years of hard experience have taught them that teachers do not always practise what they preach. It matters to do it as well as say it. Their classmates can intervene in the same way. They may compare forms of prompting, challenge an answer, or realise that they face similar problems. And a student need not remain silent while waiting for the instructor to validate every small step.</p><p>Teaching work does not disappear! It becomes more exposed. If my contribution amounts to the same as the GPT&#8217;s, or is even worse, its uselessness becomes evident. The richness of lived human experience has to appear in what we choose, what we value, our reading of the situation, and the way we help this person and this class move forward.</p><h2>What went well</h2><p>The first result was establishing feasibility. A process that previously could not even have been requested, because it would have taken several weeks and distributed support very unevenly, fitted within the effort allocated to two weeks. Students had access to immediate and more detailed feedback than the teaching team could individually have provided to more than two hundred people.</p><p>The topics proposed were rich and varied. Requiring personal or professional relevance gave the projects a direction that a standard list of topics would not have provided... and where it did not, this allowed us to alert students to the problem early (at the end of those two weeks). The multiple concrete realisations allowed that direction to be discussed, rather than remain hidden, implied by an initial statement no one would ever examine again.</p><p>The diversity of perspectives in the class became visible, as did the cloning of ideas. Different projects make the same principles stumble in different places; identical projects following identical progressions expose a lack of authenticity. Abstract course concepts such as &#8220;single responsibility&#8221; seem self-evident in an example prepared for a class, but in a personal project what counts as a &#8220;single responsibility&#8221; becomes debatable and needs to be defended.</p><p>These examples are merely operational indicators, observations I made. They do not yet show that students learnt more or learnt better. They show that it was possible to provide the general body of students with a kind of journey and feedback that, at this scale, would previously have been reserved for a few&#8212;or might not even have been attempted.</p><h2>What went wrong and was useful for that very reason</h2><p>Above, when describing what went well, I already included problems: students who proposed projects without personal relevance, and cloned ideas, as I described them, because they had been requested from a GPT without introspection or copied from classmates. That counts as &#8220;going well&#8221;: a process that reveals problems earlier rather than later is a good process, because it allows timely corrections. In this section, addressing what went wrong, I look at the process itself rather than individuals. These are the aspects that prevent the intended value from emerging.</p><p>What troubled me most was having naively included a request for a final synthesis. In that request, I deliberately left room for a less structured voice. I wanted students to explain, outside the straitjacket of a table, the inconsistencies they had found, their consequences, their accepted limits, and the relationship with the principles covered by the course. Sometimes that was what they did. In many submissions, something else happened: generic text, full of the right vocabulary and probably produced by a GPT without personal appropriation. &#8220;Optimisation&#8221;, &#8220;critical reflection&#8221;, &#8220;innovative approach&#8221;, &#8220;efficient application of principles&#8221;. The words were there; the personal project and the individual&#8217;s perspective had disappeared.</p><p>OK, you will say: then isn&#8217;t it also good that this was revealed early? No. In a generic project, the student may believe that a personal touch is unimportant and that any topic will do for learning. There is some room to believe that they are deluding thenselves into thinking they are doing things well (when they are in fact not); here, however, no student can be in any doubt that they are evading reflection.</p><p>What went wrong was that I had not planned my assessment approach with this in mind. I should have. I only did so halfway through the process, once I became fully aware of what was happening. If I assess this text as I would assess a reflection assumed to have been written without AI, I enter a spiral of frustration. I have to ponder whether an intention lurks behind a generality or whether there is only emptiness. I have to wonder whether that lingo (e.g., &#8220;trade-off&#8221;, &#8220;tension&#8221;, &#8220;signal&#8221;) came mindlessly from the GPT, or whether the student liked the idea and did not mind the term. Broadly speaking, I find myself producing feedback for an effort that never took place. In these cases, which are particularly vulnerable to empty rhetoric, the focus of assessment must go straight for the jugular: does this carry personal meaning? Is there a purpose that clearly belongs to the person proposing the project? Is there a decision? Are specific aspects of the project connected with the experience of making it? Is there agency? The feedback only moves on if that is evident; otherwise that is what we discuss, and nothing else.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png" width="1456" height="744" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:744,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:142688,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206560496?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0P9H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F473cb2e9-a3c2-4f0e-8421-f37adf8cf926_1800x920.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Synthetic reconstruction: it does not reproduce any real student dialogue or work.</em></p><p>A vague formulation, or one made of buzzwords, should receive unequivocal criticism. That initial feedback sets the tone for the rest of the semester. It shows that the criteria were not decoration on a rubric and clarifies what I mean by reflection: establishing relationships that only this person can establish between their intention, their choices, and what they have built.</p><p>The same thing occurred, to a lesser extent but still far too often, in the tables of inconsistencies, consequences, limitations, and adoption of course principles. This likewise required a reorganisation of the approach to assessment and feedback, so that it would focus on these qualities as a prior condition, before exhausting itself in discussion of empty words.</p><p>There is also work to be done here on the instructional design. Perhaps these attitudes can be reduced through counterexamples alongside examples of how to carry the activity out. Perhaps GPT feedback can be improved so that it warns students about these defects in advance, rather than waiting for the irreversible moment of human assessment. Perhaps there are other viable approaches.</p><h2>Cute ideas only become serious when we write the assignment brief</h2><p>The Object-Oriented Programming case offers no recipe for every field. But I hope it may be useful in many! It shows an approach that can be adapted: begin with something that matters to the student; force the idea to pass through different concrete realisations and varied cognitive transformations; use AI to provide frequent interlocution; look for inconsistencies between intention and realisation; analyse the consequences of those inconsistencies; decide which limits are accepted in resolving them; focus the instructor&#8217;s intervention on critical thinking, purpose, individualisation, and the relationship between this person and what they are building.</p><p>This is how an apparently simple task&#8212;proposing a project topic&#8212;came to occupy two weeks without turning into curricular sausage-stuffing. Proposing a project topic became part of the learning itself. The student began to encounter object-oriented programming inside the problem they had chosen to build, before the project was large enough to hide its decisions beneath hundreds of lines of code.</p><p>In the <a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/since-the-xixth-century-we-have-wanted">previous essay</a>, I ended by asking what process leads a student to value, decide, revise, and assume responsibility. This was one possible answer, applied under real conditions and still imperfect.</p><p>This is also where pedagogical guff has to become the trumpets of reality. Once we have championed understanding, appropriation, and critical thinking, we have to decide what happens during the first week, what is submitted in the second, what feedback reaches everyone, where the instructor comes in, and what we do when impeccable prose contains no soul inside it.</p><div><hr></div><h3>References and links</h3><ul><li><p>Papert, S., &amp; Harel, I. (1991). <em><a href="https://pirun.ku.ac.th/~btun/papert/sitcons.pdf">Situating Constructionism</a></em>. First chapter of <em>Constructionism</em>.</p></li><li><p>Wilensky, U. (1991). <em><a href="https://ccl.northwestern.edu/papers/concrete/">Abstract Meditations on the Concrete and Concrete Implications for Mathematics Education</a></em>. In I. Harel &amp; S. Papert (Eds.), <em>Constructionism</em>, pp. 193&#8211;204.</p></li><li><p>European Data Protection Board. <a href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/topics/international-transfers-and-international-cooperation_en">International transfers and international cooperation</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://ollama.com/">Ollama</a> and <a href="https://lmstudio.ai/">LM Studio</a>, options for running models locally.</p></li></ul>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Como raio se põe em prática uma ambição pedagógica de usar IA?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Um caso com projetos pessoais, dial&#233;tica apoiada por IA e 220 estudantes em Programa&#231;&#227;o por Objetos.]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/como-raio-se-poe-em-pratica-uma-ambicao</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/como-raio-se-poe-em-pratica-uma-ambicao</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 10:27:16 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#127468;&#127463; <a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/how-on-earth-do-you-put-an-ambition">There&#8217;s an English language version.</a></p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21309162">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21309162</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png" width="1456" height="764" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:764,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:721090,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206559649?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!at-E!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6173a167-f74f-4689-9754-7e3a2eb497f9_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#225; pouco tempo escrevi aqui que <a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/desde-o-seculo-xix-que-ambicionamos">a IA nos obrigar&#225; a levar a s&#233;rio ambi&#231;&#245;es educativas que proclamamos desde o s&#233;culo XIX</a>: compreens&#227;o, prop&#243;sito, apropria&#231;&#227;o pessoal, capacidade de ajuizar, decidir e assumir. S&#227;o ideias bonitas. &#201; relativamente f&#225;cil defend&#234;-las num texto.</p><p>Depois chega a segunda-feira.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>As ideias t&#234;m de aparecer em atividades concretas, com enunciados que os estudantes consigam interpretar, trabalho compat&#237;vel com os cr&#233;ditos da unidade curricular. Tem de ser feito o acompanhamento (no meu caso na Universidade Aberta, assincronamente e por escrito em f&#243;runs no Moodle). Tem de caber nos prazos. E &#233; preciso fazer a avalia&#231;&#227;o. Isto tudo com os estudantes a usar GPT ou outras IA. Eu encorajo-os vivamente a faz&#234;-lo, mas se os desencorajasse usariam na mesma. Podem us&#225;-las bem, us&#225;-las mal... us&#225;-las com sentido cr&#237;tico, para explorar uma dificuldade, ou simplesmente para produzir qualquer coisa que ocupe o espa&#231;o previsto na entrega. O trabalho do professor n&#227;o deve ser balizar ingenuamente quando usar as ferramentas ou esvair-se a tentar detetar-lhes o rasto, numa quimera. Pelo menos n&#227;o acho que isso seja uma forma &#250;til de atuar profissionalmente. Interessa-me mais melhorar a ambi&#231;&#227;o da aprendizagem e encontrar processos pratic&#225;veis pela generalidade dos estudantes e dos professores. Ou seja, n&#227;o apenas por quem j&#225; tenha elevada motiva&#231;&#227;o, empenho, resili&#234;ncia e dedica&#231;&#227;o. N&#227;o! Processos que funcionem na complexa realidade dos seres humanos como s&#227;o, incluindo os que provavelmente n&#227;o chegariam l&#225; sem orienta&#231;&#227;o, apoio ou viv&#234;ncia de experi&#234;ncias enriquecedoras.</p><p>Este texto &#233; sobre uma das minhas tentativas concretas. Fi-la no ano letivo de 2025/26, numa unidade curricular de Programa&#231;&#227;o por Objetos da Licenciatura em Engenharia Inform&#225;tica da Universidade Aberta, com 220 estudantes (mais ou menos: n&#227;o &#233; est&#225;vel ao longo do semestre). N&#227;o pensem que vou apresentar resultados mir&#237;ficos de ganhos de aprendizagem. Descobrir se algo &#233; melhor do que outra coisa na educa&#231;&#227;o, ou mesmo melhor que n&#227;o fazer nada, &#233; tarefa ingrata, demorada, porque n&#227;o passamos da mesma maneira pelos mesmos alunos duas vezes. Saber isso demorar&#225; anos, investiga&#231;&#227;o meticulosa nos planos, na execu&#231;&#227;o, etc. O que tenho agora &#233; um desenho de atividade que efetivamente foi aplicado, algo real, n&#227;o apenas idealizado. Tenho os artefactos que o materializaram, observa&#231;&#245;es sobre a sua execu&#231;&#227;o e uma ideia bastante mais n&#237;tida do que me parece ter corrido bem e do que ambiciono fazer melhor.</p><h2>O que ficava por ensinar quando ensin&#225;vamos Programa&#231;&#227;o por Objetos</h2><p>Para quem vem de outra &#225;rea, n&#227;o se assuste disto ser inform&#225;tica, que me parece que ser&#225; &#250;til para (quase) todos. Basta uma explica&#231;&#227;o breve de enquadramento. A programa&#231;&#227;o orientada a objetos &#233; uma forma (chamemos-lhe assim) de organiza&#231;&#227;o estrutural dos programas inform&#225;ticos, que visa torn&#225;-los mais compreens&#237;veis, modific&#225;veis e f&#225;ceis de gerir &#224; medida que crescem e come&#231;a a haver muitas m&#227;os e cabe&#231;as a mexer-lhes, n&#227;o apenas um artes&#227;o inform&#225;tico habilidoso. Para isso, usa v&#225;rias t&#233;cnicas, com nomes que refletem ideais, como &#8220;encapsulamento&#8221;, &#8220;sobrecarga&#8221;, &#8220;heran&#231;a&#8221; ou &#8220;polimorfismo&#8221;. Nesta publica&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o importa ao certo o que significam: importa apenas perceber que s&#227;o t&#233;cnicas de organiza&#231;&#227;o e estrutura&#231;&#227;o de coisas complexas.</p><p>Na pr&#225;tica, grande parte do ensino, por press&#245;es de escala (n&#250;mero de alunos), heterogeneidade (variedade do n&#237;vel de desempenho de cada aluno) e tempo (&#233; preciso explicar?) acabava por se concentrar na express&#227;o e treino da sintaxe e das t&#233;cnicas. H&#225; boas raz&#245;es para isso, note-se. S&#227;o complexas, requerem repeti&#231;&#227;o e experi&#234;ncia, o c&#243;digo tem de funcionar e os erros mais b&#225;sicos podem impedir o estudante de avan&#231;ar. &#201; poss&#237;vel (na verdade, comum) ensinar encapsulamento sem que o estudante chegue a sentir que problema resolveu com essa t&#233;cnica. Pode implementar heran&#231;a sem formar um crit&#233;rio sobre quando ela facilitar&#225; a evolu&#231;&#227;o do programa ou antes o deixar&#225; preso a uma m&#225; decis&#227;o estrutural.</p><p>Uma solu&#231;&#227;o costumeira para isto &#233; desenvolver projetos individuais. Quando algu&#233;m tenta concretizar uma ideia que seja mesmo sua, as classes, em vez de macaquearem exemplos preparados pelo professor passam a refletir responsabilidades para com essa ideia. O diabo surge nos detalhes: h&#225; coer&#234;ncia no estado de cada elemento? Deixa-se que algo possa ser mudado, replicado, ou imp&#245;e-se como est&#225;tico, &#250;nico? Identificam-se pr&#225;ticas comuns e de colabora&#231;&#227;o e confian&#231;a, ou pequenas diferen&#231;as geram fronteiras e separa&#231;&#227;o? (Calma, colegas inform&#225;ticos, estou a escrever assim para que n&#227;o inform&#225;ticos possam seguir o argumento geral.) &#201; nestes detalhes pe&#231;a a pe&#231;a, linha a linha, que a compreens&#227;o dos princ&#237;pios se revela &#250;til.</p><p>Esse caminho da aprendizagem baseada em projetos tem (tinha?) um problema log&#237;stico: acompanhar regularmente os projetos de uma unidade curricular com mais de duzentos estudantes, ainda por cima numa universidade online, distribuiria o <em>feedback</em> de forma inevitavelmente desigual (isto mesmo com tutores a acompanhar grupos). Alguns estudantes colocariam d&#250;vidas mais cedo, com menos press&#227;o docente, e poderiam receber mais aten&#231;&#227;o. Outros avan&#231;ariam em sil&#234;ncio durante semanas, para nunca emitirem d&#250;vidas ou s&#243; o fazerem em catadupa, todos ao mesmo tempo. Dar a todos uma aprecia&#231;&#227;o individual, detalhada e atempada exigiria um esfor&#231;o incomport&#225;vel da equipa docente... e j&#225; agora, dos alunos, porque se estivermos a dar <em>feedback</em> p&#250;blico, imaginem ver o <em>feedback</em> individual a tantos colegas!</p><p>A IA alterou este estado de coisas. Tornou vi&#225;vel pedir mais concretiza&#231;&#245;es, criar ciclos curtos de <em>feedback</em> para todos e dedicar a aten&#231;&#227;o docente aos aspetos em que a experi&#234;ncia vivida, o conhecimento da turma, a leitura da pessoa e da situa&#231;&#227;o, e o ju&#237;zo profissional realmente acrescentam alguma coisa.</p><p>Espero que seja percet&#237;vel que este contexto n&#227;o pertence apenas &#224; inform&#225;tica. Em muitas &#225;reas, &#233; um desafio que conceitos, t&#233;cnicas e princ&#237;pios complexos possam ser verdadeiramente compreendidos, dominados e aplicados (&#8221;mobilizados&#8221; como dizem de maneira ador&#225;vel os colegas brasileiros). A aprendizagem por projetos &#233; comum nessas situa&#231;&#245;es, sendo que este caso na programa&#231;&#227;o orientada a objetos &#233; apenas a minha circunst&#226;ncia pessoal.</p><h2>Duas semanas com uma ideia a dar luta</h2><p>O projeto do semestre n&#227;o &#233; dado pelo professor. &#201; proposto pelo estudante, porque tem de ser o estudante a querer concretiz&#225;-lo. Se for dado pelo professor, os crit&#233;rios do que interessa desaparecem, s&#227;o todos uma ilus&#227;o, porque o verdadeiro crit&#233;rio passa a ser &#171;agradar ao professor&#187; ou &#171;acertar no que o professor quer&#187;. Ent&#227;o, tudo come&#231;a por uma proposta do estudante, o professor s&#243; d&#225; os contornos qualitativos. Pedi que tivesse relev&#226;ncia pessoal ou profissional, fosse rica em decis&#245;es de estrutura&#231;&#227;o e coubesse no tempo dispon&#237;vel. &#171;<em>Fazer uma aplica&#231;&#227;o</em>&#187; n&#227;o chega. &#171;<em>Fazer uma aplica&#231;&#227;o inovadora para melhorar a experi&#234;ncia dos utilizadores</em>&#187; ainda diz menos, por fingir mais. O estudante precisa de descobrir o que quer realmente p&#244;r a nu, fazer acontecer e por que motivo isso lhe interessa.</p><p>Na primeira semana, a proposta atravessa v&#225;rias formas.</p><p>Come&#231;a por apenas um par&#225;grafo com a ideia de projeto. Curto! Nada de par&#225;grafos saramaguianos em extens&#227;o (e habitualmente vazios de inten&#231;&#227;o, j&#225; dantes assim era, na era do GPT mais &#233;). Essa ideia tem logo de ser concretizada numa micronarrativa de 25 a 35 palavras, produzida atrav&#233;s de uma abordagem estruturada chamada &#8220;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_fiction_prototyping">prototipagem de microfic&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica</a>&#8221; (P&#956;FC, t&#233;cnica que aprendi com o Vic Callaghan), que requer pensar em personagens, situa&#231;&#245;es, a&#231;&#245;es. &#201; a primeira de muitas convers&#245;es da ideia. A segunda &#233; mudar para uma vis&#227;o anal&#237;tica da ideia: que entidades existem nela, que comportamentos t&#234;m essas entidades ou h&#225; entre entidades? E as convers&#245;es cognitivas continuam: depois o estudante revela para essa ideia uma ou duas narrativas mais claras de como imagina o seu projeto a concretizar-se em situa&#231;&#245;es reais: coisas ainda assim muito curtas, os inform&#225;ticos chamam-lhes <em>user stories</em> (&#233; um estrangeirismo foleiro, o pessoal provavelmente acha &#8220;mais t&#233;cnico&#8221;, mas &#233; o que se usa). Depois nova convers&#227;o da ideia!) representa-as como gui&#245;es visuais em banda desenhada (o nome chique &#233; <em>storyboards</em>) e desenha um ou dois esbo&#231;os (o termo &#233; &#8220;<em>mockups</em>&#8220; ou &#8220;prot&#243;tipos de baixa fidelidade&#8221;) de como imagina que vir&#227;o a ser os ecr&#227;s das aplica&#231;&#245;es inform&#225;ticas usadas nessas narrativas.</p><p>O desenho pode ser tosco: a est&#233;tica n&#227;o est&#225; em avalia&#231;&#227;o. Tamb&#233;m pode ser bonito, fica ao gosto de cada um. Interessa &#233; perceber, nessa narrativa visual, se a situa&#231;&#227;o foi mesmo imaginada e &#233; cred&#237;vel e pertinente, se faz sentido face &#224; ideia original esclarecida na micronarrativa, se os esbo&#231;os de ecr&#227;s refletem o que devem permitir que aconte&#231;a no gui&#227;o visual da narrativa. A ideia, em cada uma das sucessivas transforma&#231;&#245;es cognitivas, vai deixando de ter onde se esconder dentro da cabe&#231;a de cada um: as frases bem-intencionadas j&#225; deixam de fora os p&#233;s e barrigas das ideias, os adjetivos f&#250;teis colidem com o mundo real revelado nas narrativas e esbo&#231;os.</p><p>Na segunda semana, come&#231;a-se a fazer a liga&#231;&#227;o cognitiva &#224; mat&#233;ria, cujo estudo tinha sido solicitado desde o in&#237;cio: chega a necessidade de identificar as primeiras &#8220;classes&#8221; candidatas, um diagrama simples delas e pequenos prot&#243;tipos delas em c&#243;digo Python. O enunciado limita propositadamente a escala do que se entrega: duas ou tr&#234;s classes pequenas, um ou dois m&#233;todos al&#233;m do construtor (leitor: se n&#227;o sabes o que &#233;, n&#227;o faz mal), duas ou tr&#234;s inst&#226;ncias (leitor: se n&#227;o souberes o que &#233; regista &#8220;outro conceito t&#233;cnico&#8221;) e cerca de sessenta linhas de c&#243;digo. Ou seja, o estudante n&#227;o tem de entregar tudo o que faz, porque em ambiente de IA dispon&#237;vel o volume n&#227;o demonstra valor. Tem &#233; de escolher exemplos relevantes para os prop&#243;sitos de lhe darmos <em>feedback</em> e avalia&#231;&#227;o: s&#243; precisamos de mat&#233;ria suficiente para confrontar todos os elementos entre si, para ver se s&#227;o coerentes, se refletem um interesse pessoal, uma escolha pessoal, etc.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png" width="1456" height="857" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W0Z-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f3858ff-13b5-4093-bb54-744784cd536b_1800x1060.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>O mesmo projeto &#233; expresso de v&#225;rias maneiras. As imagens pertencem ao exemplo fornecido aos estudantes, n&#227;o a trabalhos de estudantes.</em></p><p>&#201; uma concretiza&#231;&#227;o bastante literal de algo que <a href="https://pirun.ku.ac.th/~btun/papert/sitcons.pdf">Seymour Papert e Idit Harel</a> associaram ao construcionismo: construir o conhecimento enquanto se constr&#243;i uma entidade que pode ser sujeita ao &#8220;teste da realidade&#8221;: sustem-se na realidade, pode ser mostrada, discutida e reformulada. <a href="https://ccl.northwestern.edu/papers/concrete/">Uri Wilensky, num cap&#237;tulo do mesmo livro</a>, prop&#244;s que n&#227;o h&#225; conceitos abstractos e concretos como coisas diferentes: a abstra&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; uma propriedade fixa do conceito, do objeto. Depende da riqueza da rela&#231;&#227;o que constru&#237;mos com ela/ele: das representa&#231;&#245;es, intera&#231;&#245;es e liga&#231;&#245;es que conseguimos estabelecer. Uma ideia de projeto torna-se mais concreta quando o estudante lhe d&#225; vida, a traz para o mundo real: quando a narra, desenha, modela, programa e encontra diferen&#231;as entre essas formas.</p><p>O conflito quase inevit&#225;vel ao longo das transforma&#231;&#245;es tem aqui uma fun&#231;&#227;o de revela&#231;&#227;o, de exig&#234;ncia de pensamento cr&#237;tico, de reflex&#227;o. Recorrendo ao exemplo, se na micronarrativa da ideia uma personagem pode ter v&#225;rios s&#237;tios onde guarda equipamento, mas o diagrama de classes revela que s&#243; h&#225; um invent&#225;rio global, temos um conflito. Se o <em>storyboard</em> diz que o utilizador est&#225; a comparar escolhas, mas o <em>mockup</em> s&#243; revela espa&#231;o para uma, temos um conflito. Se o estudante alega que h&#225; encapsulamento (conceito da mat&#233;ria) do invent&#225;rio, mas o gui&#227;o revela que o mestre de jogo o pode mudar diretamente, temos um conflito. Uma ideia de projeto, quer em geral que na liga&#231;&#227;o &#224; mat&#233;ria (orienta&#231;&#227;o a objetos) deixa de ser uma lista de palavras. O estudante passa a ter um problema seu para deslindar, o maior dos problemas: <em>o que quero eu?</em></p><h2>Dois GPT para estruturar a dial&#233;tica num ecossistema aberto</h2><p>Os estudantes puderam usar quaisquer GPT ao longo da unidade curricular. Forneci-lhes tamb&#233;m dois GPT personalizados, acess&#237;veis por liga&#231;&#227;o direta nas p&#225;ginas da unidade curricular. N&#227;o eram as ferramentas &#8220;autorizadas&#8221;, nem eram &#8220;indispens&#225;veis&#8221;. Serviam para colocar qualquer estudante perante duas modalidades de dial&#233;tica j&#225; estruturadas com os objetivos da unidade curricular, das tarefas e com os princ&#237;pios de programa&#231;&#227;o por objetos em estudo.</p><p>O <a href="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-68db06390acc81919ebc07e23ef4e93c-socrates-digital-da-programacao-por-objetos">S&#243;crates Digital</a> pergunta, insiste e procura incoer&#234;ncias entre aquilo que o estudante afirma querer, o que prop&#244;s e as formas como come&#231;ou a concretiz&#225;-lo. Deve resistir &#224; tenta&#231;&#227;o de oferecer uma solu&#231;&#227;o pronta, mas sabemos que impedi-lo &#233; imposs&#237;vel, simplesmente n&#227;o tende a saltar para a&#237;. <a href="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-68db0a17526c81919d077219b1e1da74-analista-aristotelico-e-estoico-da-programacao-oo">O segundo GPT combina uma orienta&#231;&#227;o aristot&#233;lica e estoica</a>. Ajuda a explorar as consequ&#234;ncias das escolhas e a levar o estudante a decidir que limites aceita para as suas ambi&#231;&#245;es.</p><p>Poderiam ser tr&#234;s GPT: um para a incoer&#234;ncia, outro para a consequ&#234;ncia, outro para os limites. Optei por dois porque a atividade tinha dois momentos. Primeiro, descobrir a dist&#226;ncia entre a inten&#231;&#227;o e a concretiza&#231;&#227;o desenhada. Depois, perceber o que essa dist&#226;ncia far&#225; ao projeto e assumir at&#233; onde &#233; razo&#225;vel resolv&#234;-la durante o semestre.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png" width="1456" height="849" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:849,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:336257,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206559649?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sgQ4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1289f379-30a7-487a-82f9-eaed9375452e_1800x1050.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Os GPT fornecidos trazem contexto e uma forma de di&#225;logo. As interpela&#231;&#245;es usadas para os configurar tamb&#233;m s&#227;o partilhadas.</em></p><p>Este &#250;ltimo ponto &#233; importante. Sim, eu sei que se n&#227;o fosse n&#227;o se trazia. Mas friso-o para cativar a vossa aten&#231;&#227;o. Um projeto acad&#233;mico n&#227;o tem de ser perfeito. Nem sequer algo ser &#8220;bom&#8221; significa o mesmo para todos os projetos, todos os estudantes e todos os momentos do semestre. H&#225; varia&#231;&#227;o do tempo dispon&#237;vel, da experi&#234;ncia pr&#233;via, do risco que estamos dispostos a assumir, do esfor&#231;o poss&#237;vel ou desejado, e &#224; volta de tudo os conceitos da mat&#233;ria da unidade curricular. Um estudante pode manter uma op&#231;&#227;o que agora &#233; mais simples mas lhe complicar&#225; o trabalho futuro. Precisa &#233; de constatar essa consequ&#234;ncia, delimitar o compromisso e assumir essa decis&#227;o.</p><p>Por isso, o mapa pedido na segunda semana tinha quatro colunas:</p><p><strong>Incoer&#234;ncia &#8594; Consequ&#234;ncia &#8594; Limite aceite &#8594; Princ&#237;pio de programa&#231;&#227;o por objetos</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png" width="1456" height="890" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:890,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:903801,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206559649?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cGYv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b33098d-8afc-42b9-b231-87769eaf4a82_1800x1100.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>O mapa transforma uma observa&#231;&#227;o vaga numa decis&#227;o t&#233;cnica. A s&#237;ntese liga essa decis&#227;o ao diagrama, ao c&#243;digo e aos restantes artefactos.</em></p><p>Um GPT gen&#233;rico tamb&#233;m pode debater estas mat&#233;rias com os estudantes, n&#227;o teria sido preciso eu fornecer o <a href="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-68db06390acc81919ebc07e23ef4e93c-socrates-digital-da-programacao-por-objetos">S&#243;crates Digital</a> e o <a href="https://chatgpt.com/g/g-68db0a17526c81919d077219b1e1da74-analista-aristotelico-e-estoico-da-programacao-oo">Arist&#243;teles Estoico</a>. Contudo, se o estudante n&#227;o lhe desse o contexto da disciplina e da tarefa, n&#227;o obteria uma intera&#231;&#227;o adequada. Num grupo de muitos estudantes, a disparidade de qualidade nessa intera&#231;&#227;o seria enorme. Os GPT preparados reduzem essa barreira. Contudo, h&#225; uma quest&#227;o institucional e de prote&#231;&#227;o de dados. N&#227;o &#233; aceit&#225;vel, &#224; luz do regulamento geral de prote&#231;&#227;o de dados (RGPD, o bem-intencionado mas malfadado) que para usar um GPT espec&#237;fico cada estudante tenha de criar uma conta e enviar dados pessoais para um servi&#231;o fora da Uni&#227;o Europeia. Al&#233;m disso, se pudermos evitar despesas aos estudantes, ser&#225; adequado dar-lhes essa liberdade. Assim, n&#227;o &#233; obrigat&#243;rio usar os GPT que criei na OpenAI como <em>custom GPTs</em>. Num Grim&#243;rio de Interpela&#231;&#245;es existente na unidade curricular, publico as interpela&#231;&#245;es (os <em>prompts</em>) de todos os GPT que uso. E tamb&#233;m os ficheiros de refer&#234;ncia, se necess&#225;rio, permitindo aos estudantes reproduzir a intera&#231;&#227;o noutro sistema. Assim, podem recorrer em alternativa &#224; OpenAI a um servi&#231;o alojado na Uni&#227;o Europeia, em Portugal, na pr&#243;pria institui&#231;&#227;o, noutro fornecedor escolhido pelo estudante ou mesmo num modelo de linguagem executado no seu computador. Ferramentas como o <a href="https://ollama.com/">Ollama</a> e o <a href="https://lmstudio.ai/">LM Studio</a> j&#225; permitem executar modelos localmente, sem enviar as conversas para um servi&#231;o externo.</p><h2>O <em>feedback</em> autom&#225;tico para todos muda o trabalho do professor</h2><p>O ganho log&#237;stico de assumir e encorajar o uso dos GPT &#233; imediato: cada estudante pode obter <em>feedback</em> detalhado, personalizado, espec&#237;fico, sem aguardar que um docente encontre tempo para chegar ao seu projeto e o analisar em toda a profundidade. Mas a presen&#231;a dos GPT na unidade curricular cria uma exig&#234;ncia permanente para professores e tutores... e alunos. Temos todos de demonstrar o nosso valor para al&#233;m do que o GPT j&#225; proporciona.</p><p>Isto tem consequ&#234;ncias interessantes nas din&#226;micas em f&#243;rum. Perante uma d&#250;vida, posso responder: &#171;Isto &#233; o que o S&#243;crates Digital diz quando lhe apresento a sua quest&#227;o&#187;. E depois acrescentar: &#171;E isto &#233; o que tenho a dizer da minha parte&#187;. A primeira resposta resolve habitualmente aspetos formais ou expetativas gen&#233;ricas ou can&#243;nicas: uma omiss&#227;o, um crit&#233;rio, um exemplo. A segunda pode reconhecer uma inten&#231;&#227;o particular, relacion&#225;-la com algo que aconteceu noutro projeto, distinguir uma dificuldade conceptual de uma decis&#227;o razo&#225;vel, perceber que o estudante est&#225; a evitar um risco importante ou dizer-lhe, com base em experi&#234;ncia, onde vale a pena insistir.</p><p>Este uso aberto da IA encoraja os estudantes a partilharem as suas consultas, d&#250;vidas e resultados. Pois se &#171;at&#233; o professor o faz...&#187; a conversa deixa de ficar escondida por receio de parecer ileg&#237;tima. N&#227;o, colegas, n&#227;o basta dizer aos estudantes que podem usar, porque os alunos t&#234;m anos de constatar a duras penas que nem tudo o que os professores dizem &#233; o que cumprem. &#201; importante al&#233;m de o dizer, faz&#234;-lo. Os colegas tamb&#233;m podem intervir da mesma maneira. Podem comparar formas de interpelar, contestar uma resposta ou perceber que enfrentam problemas semelhantes. E o estudante n&#227;o precisa de permanecer em sil&#234;ncio &#224; espera da valida&#231;&#227;o do professor para cada pequeno passo.</p><p>O trabalho docente n&#227;o desaparece! Fica &#233; mais exposto. Se a minha interven&#231;&#227;o se limitar a fazer o mesmo que o GPT ou pior, a inutilidade disso torna-se evidente. A riqueza da viv&#234;ncia e experi&#234;ncia humana tem de aparecer no que se escolhe, no que se valoriza, na leitura da situa&#231;&#227;o e na forma como se ajuda aquela pessoa e aquela turma a avan&#231;ar.</p><h2>O que correu bem</h2><p>O primeiro resultado foi constatar a viabilidade. Um processo que anteriormente nem se podia pedir, porque exigiria v&#225;rias semanas e distribuiria o acompanhamento de forma muito desigual coube no esfor&#231;o previsto para duas semanas. Os estudantes tinham acesso a <em>feedback</em> imediato e mais detalhado do que aquele que a equipa docente poderia proporcionar individualmente a mais de duzentas pessoas.</p><p>Os temas propostos foram ricos e diversos. A exig&#234;ncia de relev&#226;ncia pessoal ou profissional deu aos projetos uma dire&#231;&#227;o que uma lista comum de temas n&#227;o teria... e nos que n&#227;o deu, permitiu cedo (ao fim dessas duas semanas) alertar os estudantes para esse problema. As v&#225;rias concretiza&#231;&#245;es permitiram que essa dire&#231;&#227;o fosse discutida, em vez de permanecer escondida, subentendida numa declara&#231;&#227;o inicial que ningu&#233;m voltaria a examinar.</p><p>Tamb&#233;m se tornou vis&#237;vel na turma a diversidade de perspetivas e a clonagem de ideias. Projetos diferentes fazem trope&#231;ar os mesmos princ&#237;pios em lugares diferentes; projetos id&#234;nticos com progress&#245;es id&#234;nticas destapam a falta de autenticidade. Conceitos abstratos da mat&#233;ria, como a &#8220;responsabilidade &#250;nica&#8221;, parecem evidentes num exemplo preparado para uma aula, mas num projeto pessoal, aquilo que conta como &#171;uma responsabilidade&#187; torna-se discut&#237;vel e precisa de ser defendido.</p><p>Estes exemplos s&#227;o meros ind&#237;cios operacionais, observa&#231;&#245;es que fiz. Ainda n&#227;o demonstram que os estudantes aprenderam mais ou melhor. Demonstram que foi poss&#237;vel proporcionar &#224; generalidade da turma um tipo de percurso e de <em>feedback</em> que, nesta escala, antes estaria reservado a alguns ou nem se ousaria tentar proporcionar.</p><h2>O que correu mal e por isso mesmo foi &#250;til</h2><p>Acima, no que correu bem, j&#225; inclu&#237; problemas: estudantes que propunham projetos sem relev&#226;ncia pessoal, ideias clonadas, como lhes chamei, por terem sido pedidas ao GPT sem introspe&#231;&#227;o ou copiadas de colegas. Isso &#233; correr bem! Porque um processo que revela problemas cedo, n&#227;o tarde, &#233; um processo bom, que permite introduzir corre&#231;&#245;es atempadas. O que correu mal s&#227;o problemas n&#227;o de indiv&#237;duos, mas do pr&#243;prio processo. S&#227;o os aspetos que n&#227;o permitem que emerja o valor pretendido.</p><p>O que mais me custou foi o ter ingenuamente inclu&#237;do um pedido de s&#237;ntese final. No pedido dela, deixei deliberadamente um espa&#231;o de voz menos estruturado. Queria que os estudantes explicassem, fora do espartilho de uma tabela, a incoer&#234;ncia encontrada, as consequ&#234;ncias, o limite assumido e a rela&#231;&#227;o com os princ&#237;pios da mat&#233;ria. &#192;s vezes foi isso que fizeram, mas em muitas entregas aconteceu outra coisa: texto gen&#233;rico, cheio de vocabul&#225;rio correto, provavelmente produzido por um GPT sem apropria&#231;&#227;o pessoal. &#171;Otimiza&#231;&#227;o&#187;, &#171;reflex&#227;o cr&#237;tica&#187;, &#171;abordagem inovadora&#187;, &#171;aplica&#231;&#227;o eficiente dos princ&#237;pios&#187;. As palavras estavam l&#225;; o projeto pessoal, a perspetiva do indiv&#237;duo desaparecera.</p><p>OK, dir&#227;o: mas ent&#227;o aqui tamb&#233;m &#233; bom que isto tenha sido revelado cedo! N&#227;o: num projeto gen&#233;rico, o estudante pode achar que o cunho pessoal n&#227;o &#233; importante e qualquer tema serve para aprender. H&#225; uma margem de ingenuidade de que possa estar a agir bem (n&#227;o estando), mas aqui n&#227;o fica nenhum estudante em d&#250;vida de que est&#225; a fugir &#224; reflex&#227;o.</p><p>O que correu mal foi que n&#227;o planeei o meu ato de avalia&#231;&#227;o a contar com isso. Devia t&#234;-lo feito. S&#243; o fiz a meio do processo, quando me imbu&#237; de consci&#234;ncia do que se passava. Se eu avaliar esse texto como avaliaria uma reflex&#227;o presumivelmente escrita sem IA, entro numa espiral de frustra&#231;&#227;o. Tenho de refletir sobre se por tr&#225;s de uma generalidade se esconde uma inten&#231;&#227;o ou apenas vacuidade. Tenho de pensar se aquele &#8220;trade-off&#8221; veio do GPT acefalamente ou se o aluno gostou da ideia e n&#227;o se incomodou com o termo. Em geral, tenho de andar a produzir <em>feedback</em> para um esfor&#231;o que n&#227;o existiu. Ent&#227;o, neste casos mais fr&#225;geis &#224; ret&#243;rica vazia, o foco da avalia&#231;&#227;o tem de ir diretamente &#224; jugular: h&#225; sentido pessoal, h&#225; um prop&#243;sito pertencente claramente ao proponente, h&#225; decis&#227;o, h&#225; aspetos espec&#237;ficos do projeto ligados ao que se viveu a faz&#234;-lo? H&#225; ag&#234;ncia? O <em>feedback</em> s&#243; avan&#231;a se isso for evidente, sen&#227;o &#233; isso que se discute, nada mais.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png" width="1456" height="744" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:744,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:146325,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/206559649?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Royj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F65a820dd-8c20-4d5b-8e98-b314b5744739_1800x920.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Recria&#231;&#227;o sint&#233;tica: n&#227;o reproduz qualquer di&#225;logo ou trabalho efetivo de um estudante.</em></p><p>Uma formula&#231;&#227;o vaga ou feita de palavras da moda deve receber uma cr&#237;tica inequ&#237;voca. Esse <em>feedback</em> inicial marca o tom para o resto do semestre. Mostra que os crit&#233;rios n&#227;o eram decora&#231;&#227;o para a rubrica e esclarece o que entendo por reflex&#227;o: estabelecer rela&#231;&#245;es que s&#243; aquela pessoa pode estabelecer entre a sua inten&#231;&#227;o, as suas escolhas e aquilo que construiu.</p><p>O mesmo ocorreu, em menor grau mas ainda assim demasiado frequente nas tabelas de incoer&#234;ncias, consequ&#234;ncias, limita&#231;&#245;es e ado&#231;&#227;o de princ&#237;pios da mat&#233;ria. Requereu igualmente uma reorganiza&#231;&#227;o da abordagem de avalia&#231;&#227;o e <em>feedback</em> para se focar nestas qualidades como ponto pr&#233;vio, antes de se desgastar a discutir vacuidades.</p><p>Tamb&#233;m aqui h&#225; trabalho de reflex&#227;o quanto ao desenho instrucional. Talvez seja poss&#237;vel minorar estas atitudes com contraexemplos, n&#227;o apenas exemplos de execu&#231;&#227;o. Talvez seja poss&#237;vel aprimorar o feedback por GPT para alertar previamente para este tipo de defeitos, n&#227;o apenas no momento irrevers&#237;vel da avalia&#231;&#227;o humana. Talvez haja outras abordagens vi&#225;veis.</p><h2>As ideias bonitas s&#243; s&#227;o a s&#233;rio quando escrevemos o enunciado</h2><p>O caso de Programa&#231;&#227;o por Objetos n&#227;o oferece uma receita para todas as &#225;reas. Mas espero que possa ser &#250;til para muitas! Mostra uma abordagem que pode ser adaptada: partir de algo que importe ao estudante; obrigar a ideia a atravessar concretiza&#231;&#245;es diferentes, transforma&#231;&#245;es cognitivas variadas; usar a IA para proporcionar interlocu&#231;&#227;o frequente; procurar incoer&#234;ncias entre inten&#231;&#227;o e realiza&#231;&#227;o; analisar consequ&#234;ncias dessas incoer&#234;ncias; decidir quais os limites aceites para a resolu&#231;&#227;o dessas incoer&#234;ncias; reservar a interven&#231;&#227;o docente para o sentido cr&#237;tico, o prop&#243;sito, a individualiza&#231;&#227;o e a rela&#231;&#227;o entre aquela pessoa e o que est&#225; a construir.</p><p>Foi assim que uma tarefa aparentemente simples &#8212; propor um tema de projeto &#8212; passou a ocupar duas semanas sem se transformar em enchimento de chouri&#231;os curricular. A proposta de um tema de projeto tornou-se parte da pr&#243;pria aprendizagem. O estudante come&#231;ou a encontrar a programa&#231;&#227;o por objetos dentro do problema que quis construir, antes de o projeto ter dimens&#227;o suficiente para esconder as decis&#245;es sob centenas de linhas de c&#243;digo.</p><p>No <a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/desde-o-seculo-xix-que-ambicionamos">texto anterior</a>, terminei perguntando que processo leva o estudante a valorar, decidir, rever e assumir. Esta foi uma resposta poss&#237;vel, aplicada em condi&#231;&#245;es reais e ainda imperfeita.</p><p>&#201; tamb&#233;m aqui que as tangas pedag&#243;gicas se convertem na roupagem da realidade. Depois de defendermos compreens&#227;o, apropria&#231;&#227;o e sentido cr&#237;tico, temos de decidir o que acontece na primeira semana, o que se entrega na segunda, que <em>feedback</em> chega a todos, onde entra o professor e o que fazemos quando a prosa impec&#225;vel n&#227;o cont&#233;m alma l&#225; dentro.</p><div><hr></div><h3>Refer&#234;ncias e liga&#231;&#245;es</h3><ul><li><p>Papert, S., &amp; Harel, I. (1991). <em><a href="https://pirun.ku.ac.th/~btun/papert/sitcons.pdf">Situating Constructionism</a></em>. Primeiro cap&#237;tulo de <em>Constructionism</em>.</p></li><li><p>Wilensky, U. (1991). <em><a href="https://ccl.northwestern.edu/papers/concrete/">Abstract Meditations on the Concrete and Concrete Implications for Mathematics Education</a></em>. Em I. Harel &amp; S. Papert (Eds.), <em>Constructionism</em>, pp. 193&#8211;204.</p></li><li><p>European Data Protection Board. <a href="https://www.edpb.europa.eu/topics/international-transfers-and-international-cooperation_en">International transfers and international cooperation</a>.</p></li><li><p><a href="https://ollama.com/">Ollama</a> e <a href="https://lmstudio.ai/">LM Studio</a>, op&#231;&#245;es para executar modelos localmente.</p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Since the XIXth century, we have aspired to an education ideal that AI will finally compel us to adopt]]></title><description><![CDATA[Now rhetoric is free, the technical syntax is guaranteed... so perhaps we finally have to take seriously the focus on reflection, making the abstract concrete, and developing individuals' purpose.]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/since-the-xixth-century-we-have-wanted</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/since-the-xixth-century-we-have-wanted</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 21:00:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/desde-o-seculo-xix-que-ambicionamos">&#127477;&#127481; There&#8217;s a Portuguese language version.</a></p><p>DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20394597">10.5281/zenodo.20394597</a></p><p>Edit: thank you, Aidan Kehoe, for suggesting a native-speaker editorial change to the title. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png" width="1456" height="764" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:764,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1957608,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/199233396?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Perhaps artificial intelligence will finally force us to take seriously an old educational ambition.</p><p>Not the tiny ambition of using one more tool, nor the dazzled eagerness to stamp &#8220;Now with lemon scent and AI&#8221; on everything we already do. I mean an older ambition: deep understanding, reflection, the creation of personal meaning, developing the ability for transfer across contexts, for active participation in a community, for critical thinking decision-making. In short: the ambition of teaching for the development of each person and their purpose. Teaching for freedom: the freedom to decide that comes from awareness and knowledge.</p><p>That ambition was not born now with AI. It was not even born in this century or the last. We can see it clearly in <a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">John Dewey&#8217;s </a><em><a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">My Pedagogic Creed</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></em>, from 1897.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png" width="1456" height="724" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:724,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1722157,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/199233396?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated." title="(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>John Dewey, excerpts from &#8220;My Pedagogic Creed&#8221; (1897).</em></p><p>But Dewey was not an alien from outer space; and modern education has not remained frozen since then. Over these more than one hundred and twenty years, many people, schools, pedagogical movements, universities, and education systems &#8212; including in environments caricaturized as rigid but that are in fact demanding, such as corporate and military settings &#8212; have tried to move teaching from repetition to understanding, from mechanical training to adequacy to what is experienced, from the canonical answer to situated thinking, from pre-determined action to contextualised decision... and even towards developing individuals&#8217; ability to consciously determine their own personal and cognitive evolution. Yes, I am thinking of proposals such as Paulo Freire&#8217;s pedagogy of autonomy, Seymour Papert&#8217;s constructionism, or Virginia Kastrup&#8217;s inventive cognition, among many others.</p><p>Education has changed enormously. Just look at today&#8217;s materials, objectives, technologies, modes of participation, disciplines, relationship with work and society; look at the presence of projects, laboratories, online platforms, networks, and digital resources. Today&#8217;s school is not the school of one hundred years ago. Nor of seventy years ago. Nor of fifty.</p><p>But it is also true that it has not changed as much as it aspired to.</p><p>There is a simple reason, although there is nothing simplistic about it: turning a pedagogical ambition into everyday practice is much harder than merely proclaiming that one will adopt it. It branches far beyond what happens directly between the educator and the learner.</p><p>There are logistical difficulties: preparatory and follow-up tasks, large classes, packed calendars, many assignments or activities for a teacher to follow, many students needing guidance and advice, in short... many tasks, something terribly difficult to organise, requiring time and attention.</p><p>There are systemic difficulties: contradictory objectives that must be answered (&#8221;cover the syllabus&#8221;, &#8220;prepare students for higher-education admission exams&#8221;, &#8220;make sure they understand at least this, even if we do not reach that&#8221;, &#8220;avoid complaints&#8221;, &#8220;do not fall behind with grading&#8221;, &#8220;have a life&#8221;, etc.), inequalities, institutional pressures, opportunistic behaviours, different levels of availability or willingness to collaborate.</p><p>There are organisational difficulties: how can teachers and students be managed when learning is less standardised? How can parents or team managers follow open-ended processes, with no exact endpoint, with no clear references for comparison? How can we compare activities that are not alike, or that respond to different purposes? How can fairness be ensured when what is valued is more subtle, complex, and undefined, with more opinion-based criteria, than a predicted answer or a planned state?</p><p>And there are governance difficulties: making sense of what is happening, following it, deciding, and intervening when the scale is not just one class or one team we deal with, but a whole school, a whole university, a company, a region, a country.</p><p>That is why, throughout this long ambition for change, education has relied on operational shortcuts. Patches, let us call them: responses to the realities and contingencies that made it possible to operate at scale.</p><p>The habit of focusing assessment on delivered products is one of those shortcuts.</p><p>An essay, a test, a report, a solved exercise, a computer program, a presentation. All this required effort and could function as a reasonable approximation of the thinking we could not observe directly. It was not perfect. It never was. But it was useful enough to organise teaching, assessment, certification, management, and governance.</p><p>Another shortcut followed from that one, although it was rarely admitted, and perhaps people even swore that it did not happen: letting form affect substance. Well-built rhetoric, an answer neatly aligned with the rubric, code that ran on the first try, an elegant synthesis, or a well-formatted report, all often seemed acceptable indicators of effort and dedication, and therefore indicators of understanding. In other words: a shoddy piece of work, in any of these dimensions, might be expected to contain more factual or argumentative errors; a piece of work with carefully crafted grandiloquence might be approached with the expectation that it came from someone with stronger work habits and therefore, more probably, with problems at a higher level rather than serious inaccuracies. This helped manage the focus, and therefore the time and effort, of assessment, interpretation, feedback...</p><p>AI, <em>fortunately</em>, destroys these shortcuts. First it corrodes them, then it undoes them.</p><p>When AI, whether free or very cheap (for example, monthly costs below the price of a night out with friends), can produce fluent text, plausible code, organised syntheses, convincing images, work plans, and well-turned explanations; when AI can tick all the requested points in a prompt or rubric, and reach all the expected technical quality, the appearance of competence is assured. Not because writing well, programming well, or presenting well has become irrelevant. On the contrary: those abilities still matter. It is just that displaying the baseline of competence in a product is now assured. The final product, by itself, has become too fragile as an approximation of the thinking of the person who submits it.</p><p>If we ignore this, the outcome is a worsening of superficiality, of course: with AI, someone who knows they are only required to submit an assessment &#8220;product&#8221; can produce vacuities &#8212; things that shine, but represent nothing from anyone. Answers without reflection. The most immediate and generic options. A focus on products as samples of what one thinks, of what one knows, does not distinguish between those who know how to question, revise, choose, and judge, and those who merely accept the first plausible formulation. But the existence of AI also does something useful: it removes the comfort of continuing to treat appearance as if it were relevant to understanding.</p><p>There is a phrase I have been using in presentations and other public sessions: <strong>reach for understanding, not rhetoric</strong>. I think we can draw on several analogies. For example, the arrival of the calculator in mathematics. In the 1970s, some feared that calculators would destroy the learning of mathematics, as <a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">a January 6, 1975 article in </a><em><a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">Time</a></em><a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/"> neatly summarised</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a>. The fear had a logic: if the machine does the arithmetic, what happens to the student&#8217;s competence in doing it? Does it become useless? Will people become unable to use mathematics? Yes and no. Yes, most people stopped being able to do the kind of calculations people used to do. But society itself changed in its uses and expectations of what mattered, and school changed with it. Instead of regular arithmetic calculation at ever more complex levels, which came to be done mechanically, all children now train mental calculation techniques that were once mostly practised in grocery shops or among traders: estimates, quick approximations to decide or detect problems, immediate calculations for intuitive response... and society opened new paths: bookkeepers became accountants, mere record-keeping for final reporting gave way to scenario simulation, assessment of alternatives, exploration of possibilities, modelling the world with numbers. We can think of what happened to art when photography and cinema appeared, what happened to hunting when agriculture emerged, what happened to farm work with mechanisation.</p><p>With the emergence of AI finally accessible to society at large, we are facing a transition at this level. A large part of academic and professional production can now be automated: writing, explaining, summarising, programming, drawing, arguing, revising, translating, planning. Society will therefore change, expectations will change too, and so will what we learn.</p><p>If all we want is an undifferentiated but competent product, AI will quickly become that finishing machine for everyone. If we want understanding or reflection, we must create processes in which understanding or reflecting is necessary in order to conduct them. Processes in which assuming, differentiating, judging, imagining, valuing, and maintaining coherence or changing position are part of the path.</p><p>In other words, before we exhaust ourselves imagining how to assess old objectives in a new world, we need to discover the new objectives and design instruction for them. For that, we need to re-centre learning on value.</p><p>A decision does not occur in a vacuum. For a person to be the one deciding, they need an objective of their own. To have an objective that is their own, they need to appropriate it. Only then can they have criteria to evaluate alternatives. Criteria that are not merely words inherited from someone else, but criteria that arise from valuing something of their own: an idea, a problem, a community, a work, a question, a person (perhaps themselves), a future they long for.</p><p>This is the old ambition that AI makes almost inevitable: we are facing an unprecedented pedagogical opportunity. Yes, AI can do much (or all) of the student&#8217;s current work: Excel also does the bookkeeper&#8217;s sums. Yes, AI can also replace much of what the teacher does today: photography also came to take all the portrait miniatures and locket portraits. But AI can also make it practicable to create or expand a learning ecology where students, teachers, peers, tools, materials, ideas, institutions, and artificial agents interact to reach goals of appropriation, understanding, valuation, and initiative that today we can only dream of. <a href="https://revistas.rcaap.pt/lead_read/article/view/28902">A cognitive ecosystem (as I call it with my colleague Eliane Schlemmer</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a>, whom I thank for awakening me to the relevance of this idea) today not only in some distant future: an educational context that is a habitat, where knowledge emerges from the relations among the entities that inhabit it, not only from or in someone&#8217;s isolated head.</p><p>To make this concrete, we need to change the design of educational activities.</p><p>It is not enough to tell students to use or not use AI. It is also not enough to tell them to be creative or to choose projects that are &#8220;theirs&#8221; or &#8220;that interest you&#8221;. Giving freedom without providing structure ends up being negligence and abandonment: yes, some students move forward with intrinsic energy; but others hesitate, or avoid differentiating themselves, through discouragement, fears or hesitations, scheming, or simply a lack of horizons. Personal appropriation needs space, purposes, resources, constraints, interlocutors, moments of intellectual confrontation, and criteria that help make ambition practicable. And perhaps many other things we still need to discover.</p><p>For example, in an object-oriented programming course in a software engineering degree, the question is no longer simply whether the code runs with object-oriented syntax and mechanics. The code must run with those aspects, of course. But that is so little &#8212; <em>it always was so little</em>. What matters today, as it mattered before, though perhaps we did not dare to aspire beyond utopia, is that the student has an objective for their project, understands themselves, reflects on why they choose one structure rather than another, is able to assume a decision about the structure of the program, identifies future consequences far beyond the immediate, and identifies the constraints they face and the limits they must assume in relation to them.</p><p>Another example: in a literature review for a master&#8217;s dissertation or doctoral thesis, it matters little if the student is merely accumulating more or less well-written summaries of a collection of texts. That is so little &#8212; <em>it always was so little</em>. The ambition today can be the one that existed decades ago, before the massification of these degrees, and that today had almost been pushed back into utopia: that each student, in that review process, truly discovers the terrain before them. Not only the diversity of concepts, contexts, and perspectives, but their contradictions, their alternatives and complementarities, the areas that remain unclear, the possibilities. And in that discovery, they will have to discover themselves: faced with that contradictory, nebulous, vast terrain, what do they really want, what is their intention? What are they willing to dare, what ambition do they take on? The literature review can once again be, as it should always have been, a discovery of intellectual meaning.</p><p>These examples need development, not merely one paragraph each. They will come here in future texts of their own. Today I will stay with the idea I have developed as a starting point: AI leads us towards an education in which the delivered product does not represent learning, but rather stages of a process, of a path.</p><p>This does not mean that assessment becomes a kind of infinite surveillance of the process, which would be a perversion, an elimination of the construction of value, imprisoned in a myriad indicators to satisfy. It means that we should focus on designing processes that, if followed, promote quality and value. A process in which there is appropriation, purpose, confrontation, reformulation, creation, and transfer across contexts then lets us see more clearly what interests us. Each part of that process helps us glimpse these aspects.</p><p>Please do not read this as a celebration of AI, as if we were setting off fireworks and running after the spent sticks. I do not ignore that any transformation carries risks, problems, challenges, and yes, suffering as well as joys. What I assume is that AI forces us to be more demanding about what we call learning. Since the nineteenth century, so-called &#8220;modern&#8221; education has aspired to form people capable of understanding, judging, participating, creating, and acting. For a long time, that ambition has been limited by the difficulty of making it concrete in large systems, with finite resources and contradictory demands, but I have already spoken of that above and will not return to it here.</p><p>Those difficulties remain, in this time of AI, but the balance has shifted. It becomes unsustainable to continue confusing appearance with thought. And, if we know how to work with them, new forms of support, questioning, simulation, revision, creation, and discussion open up.</p><p>That is why the most useful question for a teacher today is neither &#8220;was it really the student who did this?&#8221; nor &#8220;what product should students submit?&#8221;, but rather:</p><p><strong>What old educational ambition does this process finally take seriously?</strong></p><p>And, since we are at it (&#8220;since we are at it&#8221;, I admit, being the riskiest and most expensive phrase in a process):</p><p><strong>What process leads the student to value, decide, revise, and assert?</strong></p><p>If AI pushes us towards these questions, perhaps it will make us adopt something we have been promising that was just about to arrive, since the nineteenth century.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>John Dewey, <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">My Pedagogic Creed</a></em>, 1897.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>TIME, &#8220;<a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">Calculators in the Classroom</a>&#8221;, January 6, 1975.<br>Note: it is indeed &#8220;calculators&#8221;; the &#8220;calculaters&#8221; on that page does not match the printed version.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Schlemmer, E., &amp; Morgado, L. (2024). <a href="https://revistas.rcaap.pt/lead_read/article/view/28902">Inven!RA: a contribution towards platforms aligned with Digital Transformation in Education</a>. <em>RE@D - Revista de Educa&#231;&#227;o a Dist&#226;ncia e eLearning</em>.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Desde o século XIX que ambicionamos para o ensino aquilo que a IA nos fará adotar]]></title><description><![CDATA[Agora a ret&#243;rica &#233; de gra&#231;a, a sintaxe t&#233;cnica &#233; garantida&#8230; ent&#227;o talvez finalmente tenhamos de levar a s&#233;rio a reflex&#227;o, a concretiza&#231;&#227;o, o prop&#243;sito individual.]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/desde-o-seculo-xix-que-ambicionamos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/desde-o-seculo-xix-que-ambicionamos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 12:32:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/since-the-xixth-century-we-have-wanted">&#127468;&#127463; There&#8217;s an English language version.</a></p><p>DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20394412">10.5281/zenodo.20394412</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png" width="1456" height="764" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:764,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:814519,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/198862024?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Talvez a intelig&#234;ncia artificial nos obrigue, finalmente, a levar a s&#233;rio uma antiga ambi&#231;&#227;o da educa&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>N&#227;o a ambi&#231;&#227;o pequenina de usar mais uma ferramenta, n&#227;o a ambi&#231;&#227;o do deslumbramento, da &#226;nsia de carimbar &#8220;Lava com cheiro a lim&#227;o e IA&#8221; em tudo o que j&#225; se faz. Uma ambi&#231;&#227;o mais antiga: a de compreens&#227;o profunda, de reflex&#227;o, de criar um sentido pessoal, de desenvolver a capacidade de transfer&#234;ncia entre contextos, de participa&#231;&#227;o ativa numa comunidade, de decis&#227;o com crit&#233;rio, enfim: a ambi&#231;&#227;o de ensinar para o desenvolvimento pessoal e do prop&#243;sito de cada um. Ensinar para a liberdade: a liberdade de decidir que adv&#233;m da consci&#234;ncia e conhecimento.</p><p>Essa ambi&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o nasceu agora com a IA. Nem sequer nasceu neste s&#233;culo. Podemos v&#234;-la claramente em John Dewey, no seu <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">My Pedagogic Creed</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></em>, de 1897. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png" width="1456" height="724" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:724,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1722157,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/198862024?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated." title="(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">John Dewey, excertos de &#8220;O meu credo pedag&#243;gico&#8221; (1897).</figcaption></figure></div><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>(...) o indiv&#237;duo, gradualmente, passa a participar nos recursos intelectuais e morais que a humanidade conseguiu congregar. (...) um herdeiro do capital acumulado da civiliza&#231;&#227;o. (...) a base prim&#225;ria da educa&#231;&#227;o est&#225; nas capacidades da crian&#231;a em a&#231;&#227;o, segundo as mesmas linhas construtivas gerais que deram origem &#224; civiliza&#231;&#227;o. (...) tornar a crian&#231;a consciente da sua heran&#231;a social &#233; capacit&#225;-la para realizar esses tipos fundamentais de atividade que fazem da civiliza&#231;&#227;o aquilo que ela &#233;. (...) a ci&#234;ncia tem valor porque confere a capacidade de interpretar e controlar a experi&#234;ncia j&#225; vivida. Deve ser introduzida, n&#227;o como um novo corpo de mat&#233;ria a estudo, mas como forma de revelar os fatores j&#225; envolvidos na experi&#234;ncia anterior e para proporcionar ferramentas pelas quais essa experi&#234;ncia possa ser regulada de forma mais f&#225;cil e eficaz.</em> &#8212; John Dewey, 1897, <em>O Meu Credo Pedag&#243;gico</em></pre></div><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Mas nem Dewey &#233; um extraterreste isolado, nem a educa&#231;&#227;o moderna ficou congelada desde ent&#227;o. Ao longo destes mais de cento e vinte anos, muitas pessoas, escolas, movimentos pedag&#243;gicos, universidades e sistemas educativos &#8212; inclusivamente em ambientes caricaturalmente r&#237;gidos mas na verdade exigentes, como os empresariais e militares &#8212; tentaram deslocar o ensino da repeti&#231;&#227;o para a compreens&#227;o, do treino mec&#226;nico para a adequa&#231;&#227;o ao que se vivencia, da resposta can&#243;nica para o pensamento situado, da a&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-determinada para a decis&#227;o contextualizada&#8230; e at&#233; para desenvolver a capacidade do indiv&#237;duo determinar conscientemente a sua pr&#243;pria evolu&#231;&#227;o pessoal e cognitiva (sim, estou a pensar em propostas como a pedagogia da autonomia, de Paulo Freire,  o construcionismo de Seymour Papert, ou a cogni&#231;&#227;o inventiva de Virg&#237;nia Kastrup, entre muitos outros).</p><p>A educa&#231;&#227;o mudou <em>imenso</em>. Basta olhar hoje para os materiais, os objetivos, as tecnologias, os modos de participa&#231;&#227;o, as disciplinas, a rela&#231;&#227;o com o mundo do trabalho e a sociedade, a presen&#231;a de projetos, laborat&#243;rios, plataformas online, redes e recursos digitais. A escola de hoje n&#227;o &#233; a escola de h&#225; cem anos. Nem a de h&#225; setenta. Nem a de h&#225; cinquenta.</p><p>Mas tamb&#233;m &#233; verdade que n&#227;o mudou tanto quanto ambicionava.</p><p>H&#225; uma raz&#227;o simples, embora nada simplista: transformar uma ambi&#231;&#227;o pedag&#243;gica numa pr&#225;tica quotidiana &#233; muito mais dif&#237;cil do que apenas proclamar que se vai adot&#225;-la. &#201; algo que se ramifica por espa&#231;os muito al&#233;m do que aquilo que se passa diretamente entre um educador e um aluno.</p><p>H&#225; dificuldades log&#237;sticas: tarefas preparat&#243;rias e consequentes, turmas numerosas, calend&#225;rios preenchidos, muitos trabalhos ou atividades para um professor acompanhar, muitos estudantes a precisar de orienta&#231;&#227;o e aconselhamento, enfim&#8230; muitas tarefas, de dific&#237;lima organiza&#231;&#227;o, a requerer tempo e aten&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>H&#225; dificuldades sist&#233;micas: objetivos contradit&#243;rios a que &#233; preciso dar resposta (&#8220;cumprir o programa&#8221;, &#8220;preparar para os exames de acesso ao superior&#8221;, &#8220;que entendam bem pelo menos isto, mesmo que n&#227;o se chegue &#224;quilo&#8221;, &#8220;que n&#227;o surjam reclama&#231;&#245;es&#8221;, &#8220;que n&#227;o me atrase nas notas&#8221;, &#8220;que possa ter vida em fam&#237;lia&#8221;, etc.) , desigualdades, press&#245;es institucionais, comportamentos oportunistas, n&#237;veis diferentes de disponibilidade ou vontade de colabora&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>H&#225; dificuldades organizacionais: como se podem gerir professores e alunos quando a aprendizagem &#233; menos padronizada? Como podem pais ou gestores de equipas acompanhar processos abertos, sem t&#233;rmino exato, sem refer&#234;ncias de compara&#231;&#227;o? Como se comparam atividades que n&#227;o s&#227;o parecidas ou respondem a prop&#243;sitos diferentes? Como se garante que h&#225; justi&#231;a quando se valoriza algo mais subtil, complexo e indefinido, com crit&#233;rios mais opinativos, do que uma resposta prevista ou um estado planeado?</p><p>E h&#225; dificuldades de governa&#231;&#227;o: conseguir perceber, acompanhar, decidir e intervir quando a escala n&#227;o &#233; apenas a de uma turma, de uma equipa com quem lidamos, mas de uma escola inteira, uma universidade inteira, uma empresa, uma regi&#227;o, um pa&#237;s.</p><p>Por isso, ao longo de todo este tempo de ambi&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;a, a educa&#231;&#227;o recorreu a atalhos operacionais. Remendos, chamemos-lhes: respostas &#224;s realidades e conting&#234;ncias para se poder funcionar em larga escala.</p><p>O h&#225;bito de focarmos a avalia&#231;&#227;o na entrega de produtos &#233; um desses atalhos.</p><p>Um texto, um teste, um relat&#243;rio, um exerc&#237;cio resolvido, um programa de computador, uma apresenta&#231;&#227;o. Tudo isto requeria esfor&#231;o e podia funcionar como uma aproxima&#231;&#227;o razo&#225;vel ao pensamento que n&#227;o consegu&#237;amos observar diretamente. N&#227;o era perfeito. Nunca foi. Mas era suficientemente &#250;til para organizar o ensino, a avalia&#231;&#227;o, a certifica&#231;&#227;o, a gest&#227;o e a governan&#231;a.</p><p>Outro atalho decorrente desse, embora raramente assumido, ou at&#233; fossem feitas juras de que tal n&#227;o acontecia, era de deixar a forma afetar a subst&#226;ncia: a ret&#243;rica bem montada, a resposta bem alinhada com as rubricas, o c&#243;digo que corria &#224; primeira, a s&#237;ntese elegante ou o relat&#243;rio bem formatado pareciam, muitas vezes, ind&#237;cios aceit&#225;veis de empenho e dedica&#231;&#227;o, logo ind&#237;cios de compreens&#227;o. Ou seja: um trabalho atamancado, em qualquer destas dimens&#245;es, poderia ser visto com uma expetativa de conter mais erros factuais ou argumentativos; um trabalho com uma pros&#225;pia bem trabalhada poderia ser encarado com expetativa de vir de algu&#233;m que tivesse mais h&#225;bitos de trabalho e, por isso, mais provavelmente incorrendo em problemas de n&#237;vel mais elevado do que em incorre&#231;&#245;es graves. Isto permitia gerir o foco (e dessa forma, o tempo e esfor&#231;o) do labor de avalia&#231;&#227;o, interpreta&#231;&#227;o, coment&#225;rio&#8230;</p><p>A IA <em>felizmente</em> destr&#243;i estes atalhos. Primeiro corr&#243;i-os, mas logo a seguir desf&#225;-los.</p><p>Quando a IA, seja gratuitamente seja com custos muito baixos (por exemplo, custos por m&#234;s inferiores a um jantar de amigos) consegue produzir texto fluente, c&#243;digo plaus&#237;vel, s&#237;nteses organizadas, imagens convincentes, planos de trabalho e explica&#231;&#245;es bem gizadas, e picar todos os pontos pedidos num enunciado ou rubrica, atingir toda a qualidade t&#233;cnica expect&#225;vel, a apar&#234;ncia de compet&#234;ncia est&#225; assegurada. N&#227;o porque tenha passado a ser irrelevante escrever bem, programar bem ou apresentar bem. Pelo contr&#225;rio: essas capacidades continuam a importar, s&#243; que apresentar num produto a linha basilar de compet&#234;ncia fica assegurada. O produto final, por si s&#243; por si, tornou-se demasiado fr&#225;gil como aproxima&#231;&#227;o ao pensamento de quem o entrega.</p><p>Se ignorarmos isto, o efeito &#233; agravar a superficialidade, claro: com a IA, algu&#233;m que sabe que s&#243; lhe &#233; exigido que entregue um &#8220;produto&#8221; de avalia&#231;&#227;o pode produzir vacuidades: coisas que brilham, mas n&#227;o representam nada de ningu&#233;m. Respostas sem reflex&#227;o, as op&#231;&#245;es mais imediatas e generalistas. O foco nos produtos como amostragem do que se pensa, do que se sabe, n&#227;o permite distinguir entre quem sabe interpelar, rever, escolher e ajuizar, e quem apenas aceita a primeira formula&#231;&#227;o plaus&#237;vel. Mas tamb&#233;m faz algo &#250;til: retira-nos o conforto de continuarmos a tratar a apar&#234;ncia como se fosse relevante para entendimento.</p><p>H&#225; uma frase que tenho usado em apresenta&#231;&#245;es e outras sess&#245;es p&#250;blicas: <strong>alcan&#231;ar o entendimento, n&#227;o a ret&#243;rica</strong>. Creio que podemos fazer m&#227;o de v&#225;rias analogias. Por exemplo, com a chegada da calculadora &#224; matem&#225;tica. Nos anos 70, havia quem receasse que a calculadora destru&#237;sse a aprendizagem da matem&#225;tica, <a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">como bem o resumia um artigo de 6 de janeiro de 1975 na revista Time</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a>. O receio tinha uma l&#243;gica: se a m&#225;quina faz a contas, o que acontece &#224; compet&#234;ncia do aluno para tal? Torna-se in&#250;til? Ficar&#227;o as pessoas incapazes de usar a matem&#225;tica? Sim e n&#227;o. Sim, as pessoas deixaram de conseguir, na sua maioria, fazer o tipo de contas que se faziam dantes. Mas a pr&#243;pria sociedade mudou no uso e expetativas daquilo que interessava, e a escola com ela. Em vez de c&#225;lculo aritm&#233;tico regular a n&#237;veis cada vez mais complexos, que passou a ser feito maquinalmente, todas as crian&#231;as treinam t&#233;cnicas de c&#225;lculo mental, dantes s&#243; treinadas ou passadas em mercearias ou entre negociantes: estimativas, aproxima&#231;&#245;es r&#225;pidas para decidir ou detetar problemas, c&#225;lculos imediatos para resposta intuitiva&#8230; e na sociedade abriram-se novos caminhos: os guarda-livros passaram a ser contabilistas, o mero registo para relato final passou a dar lugar &#224; simula&#231;&#227;o de cen&#225;rios, &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o de alternativas, &#224; explora&#231;&#227;o de possibilidades, &#224; modela&#231;&#227;o do mundo com n&#250;meros. Podemos pensar no que ocorreu &#224; arte quando surgiu a fotografia e o cinema, o que aconteceu &#224; ca&#231;a quando surgiu a agricultura, o que sucedeu ao trabalho dos campos com a mecaniza&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>Com a emerg&#234;ncia da IA finalmente acess&#237;vel &#224; sociedade em geral, estamos perante uma transi&#231;&#227;o deste n&#237;vel. Grande parte da produ&#231;&#227;o acad&#233;mica e profissional passa a poder ser automatizada: escrever, explicar, resumir, programar, desenhar, argumentar, rever, traduzir, planear. Ent&#227;o a sociedade mudar&#225;, as expetativas tamb&#233;m e aquilo que vamos aprender tamb&#233;m.</p><p>Se queremos apenas um produto indiferenciado mas competente, a IA ser&#225; rapidamente essa m&#225;quina de acabamento para todos. Se queremos compreens&#227;o ou reflex&#227;o, temos de criar processos em que compreender ou refletir seja necess&#225;rio para os conduzir. Processos em que assumir, diferenciar, ajuizar, idealizar, valorar e manter a coer&#234;ncia ou mudar de posi&#231;&#227;o fa&#231;am parte do caminho.</p><p>Ou seja, antes de nos esvairmos a imaginar como avaliar os objetivos antigos num mundo novo, precisamos de descobrir os objetivos novos e fazer o desenho instrucional para eles. Para isso, precisamos de recentrar a aprendizagem no valor.</p><p>Uma decis&#227;o n&#227;o ocorre no vazio. Para ser ela a decidir, uma pessoa precisa de um objetivo seu. Para ter um objetivo que seja seu, precisa de se apropriar dele. Assim pode ter crit&#233;rios para avaliar alternativas. Crit&#233;rios que n&#227;o sejam apenas palavras herdadas de algu&#233;m, crit&#233;rios que advenham de dar valor a alguma coisa sua: a uma ideia, a um problema, a uma comunidade, a uma obra, a uma pergunta, a uma pessoa (talvez a si mesma), a um futuro que se anseia.</p><p>Esta &#233; a ambi&#231;&#227;o antiga que a IA torna quase inevit&#225;vel: estamos perante uma oportunidade pedag&#243;gica in&#233;dita. Sim, a IA pode fazer muito (ou todo) o trabalho atual do estudante: o Excel tamb&#233;m faz as somas do guarda-livros. Sim, a IA tamb&#233;m pode substituir muito do que faz hoje o professor: tamb&#233;m a fotografia passou a fazer todas as fotografias &#8220;tipo passe&#8221; ou &#8220;&#224; la minute&#8221;. Mas a IA tamb&#233;m pode tornar pratic&#225;vel criar ou ampliar uma ecologia de aprendizagem onde estudantes, professores, colegas, ferramentas, materiais, ideias, institui&#231;&#245;es e agentes artificiais interagem para atingir objetivos de apropria&#231;&#227;o, compreens&#227;o, valora&#231;&#227;o e iniciativa que hoje s&#243; podemos sonhar. Um <a href="https://doi.org/10.34627/redvol7iss1e202403">ecossistema cognitivo, como digo com a minha colega Eliane Schlemmer</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a>, a quem agrade&#231;o ter-me despertado para a pertin&#234;ncia desta ideia hoje, n&#227;o apenas num futuro long&#237;nquo: um contexto educativo que &#233; um habitat, onde o conhecimento emerge das rela&#231;&#245;es entre estas entidades que o habitam, n&#227;o apenas da ou na cabe&#231;a isolada de algu&#233;m.</p><p>Para concretizarmos isto, temos de mudar o desenho das atividades educativas.</p><p>N&#227;o basta dizer aos estudantes para usarem ou n&#227;o usarem IA. Tamb&#233;m n&#227;o basta dizer para serem criativos nem para escolherem projetos &#8220;seus&#8221; ou &#8220;que vos interessem&#8221;. S&#243; dar liberdade sem proporcionar estrutura acaba por ser neglig&#234;ncia e abandono: sim, alguns estudantes avan&#231;am com energia intr&#237;nseca; mas outros hesitam, ou evitam diferenciar-se, por des&#226;nimo, receios v&#225;rios, calculismo ou simples falta de horizontes. A apropria&#231;&#227;o pessoal precisa de espa&#231;o, prop&#243;sitos, recursos, restri&#231;&#245;es, interlocutores, momentos de confronto intelectual e crit&#233;rios que ajudem a tornar a ambi&#231;&#227;o pratic&#225;vel. E talvez muitas outras coisas que teremos de descobrir.</p><p>Por exemplo, numa unidade curricular de programa&#231;&#227;o por objetos no ensino superior de engenharia inform&#225;tica, a quest&#227;o deixa de ser apenas se o c&#243;digo corre com a sintaxe e mec&#226;nicas de orienta&#231;&#227;o a objetos. O c&#243;digo tem de correr com esses aspetos, claro. Mas isso &#233; pouco &#8212; <em>sempre foi pouco</em>. Importa hoje, como importava antes, mas se calhar n&#227;o se ambicionava al&#233;m da utopia, que o estudante tenha um objetivo para o seu projeto, que se perceba a si mesmo, que reflita por que motivo escolhe uma estrutura e n&#227;o outra, que consiga assumir uma decis&#227;o de estrutura&#231;&#227;o do programa, que identifique consequ&#234;ncias futuras muito al&#233;m do imediato, que identifique os constrangimentos que tem e os limites que deve assumir face a eles.</p><p>Outro exemplo: numa revis&#227;o da literatura para uma disserta&#231;&#227;o de mestrado ou tese de doutoramento, interessa pouco se o aluno estiver apenas a acumular resumos mais ou menos bem escritos de uma colet&#226;nea de textos. Isso &#233; pouco &#8212; <em>sempre foi pouco</em>. A ambi&#231;&#227;o pode hoje ser a que era h&#225; d&#233;cadas, antes da massifica&#231;&#227;o destes graus, e que hoje estava quase remetida &#224; utopia: que cada aluno nesse processo de revis&#227;o descubra realmente o terreno que tem perante si: n&#227;o apenas a diversidade de conceitos, contextos e perspetivas, mas as suas contradi&#231;&#245;es, as suas alternativas e complementaridades, as zonas que ficam pouco claras, as possibilidades. E nessa descoberta, ter&#225; de se descobrir a si mesmo: perante esse terreno contradit&#243;rio, nebuloso, vasto, o que quer, realmente, qual ser&#225; o seu intuito? A que est&#225; disposto a atrever-se, o que assume ambicionar? A revis&#227;o de literatura pode voltar a ser, como deveria sempre ter sido, um descobrir de sentido intelectual.</p><p>Estes exemplos carecem de desenvolvimento, n&#227;o de apenas um par&#225;grafo cada um. Esses vir&#227;o aqui futuramente, em textos pr&#243;prios. Fico-me hoje pela ideia que desenvolvi como ponto de partida: a IA leva-nos a uma educa&#231;&#227;o em que o produto entregue n&#227;o representa a aprendizagem, mas sim etapas de um processo, de um caminho.</p><p>Isto n&#227;o significa que a avalia&#231;&#227;o passa a ser uma esp&#233;cie de vigil&#226;ncia infinita do processo, o quer seria uma pervers&#227;o, uma elimina&#231;&#227;o da constru&#231;&#227;o de valor, aprisionada numa mir&#237;ade de indicadores a cumprir. Significa que nos devemos focar em desenhar processos que promovam, se seguidos, a qualidade e o valor. Um processo em que h&#225; apropria&#231;&#227;o, prop&#243;sito, confronto, reformula&#231;&#227;o, cria&#231;&#227;o e transfer&#234;ncia entre contextos deixa depois ver melhor aquilo que nos interessa. Cada parte desse processo ajuda-nos a vislumbrar estes aspetos.</p><p>Por favor, n&#227;o leiam isto como um festejo &#224; IA, a lan&#231;armos foguetes e a apanhar as canas. Eu n&#227;o ignoro que qualquer transforma&#231;&#227;o acarreta riscos, problemas, desafios, e sim, sofrimento al&#233;m de alegrias. Assumo &#233; que a IA nos obriga a ser mais exigentes com o que chamamos aprendizagem. Desde o s&#233;culo XIX que a educa&#231;&#227;o dita &#8220;moderna&#8221; ambiciona formar pessoas capazes de compreender, ajuizar, participar, criar e agir. Durante muito tempo, essa ambi&#231;&#227;o tem vindo a ser limitada pela dificuldade de a concretizar em sistemas grandes, com recursos finitos e exig&#234;ncias contradit&#243;rias, mas disso j&#225; falei acima e a isso n&#227;o regresso aqui.</p><p>Essas dificuldades mant&#234;m-se, neste tempo de IA, mas com um equil&#237;brio alterado. Torna-se insustent&#225;vel continuar a confundir apar&#234;ncia com pensamento. E abre, se as soubermos trabalhar, novas formas de apoiar, interpelar, simular, rever, criar e discutir.</p><p>Por isso, a pergunta mais &#250;til para um professor, hoje, n&#227;o &#233; nem &#8220;ser&#225; que foi o aluno que fez isto?&#8221; nem &#8220;que produto devem entregar os estudantes?&#8221;, mas sim:</p><p><strong>Que ambi&#231;&#227;o educativa antiga este processo leva finalmente a s&#233;rio?</strong></p><p>E, j&#225; agora (&#8220;j&#225; agora&#8221; que, reconhe&#231;o, &#233; a frase mais arriscada e cara de um processo):</p><p><strong>Que processo leva a que o estudante tenha de valorar, decidir, rever e assumir?</strong></p><p>Se a IA nos empurrar para estas perguntas, talvez nos fa&#231;a adotar algo que j&#225; and&#225;vamos a prometer desde o s&#233;culo XIX que vinha a&#237; j&#225; a seguir.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>John Dewey, <em><strong><a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">My Pedagogic Creed</a></strong></em>, 1897.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>TIME, <strong><a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">&#8220;Calculators in the Classroom&#8221;</a></strong>, 6 de janeiro de 1975.<br>(Nota &#233; mesmo &#8220;calculators&#8221;, o &#8220;<strong>calculaters&#8221;</strong> dessa p&#225;gina n&#227;o corresponde &#224; vers&#227;o impressa.)</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Schlemmer, E., &amp; Morgado, L. (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.34627/redvol7iss1e202403">Inven!RA: um contributo para plataformas alinhadas com a transforma&#231;&#227;o digital</a>. <em>RE@ D&#8211;Revista de Educa&#231;&#227;o a Dist&#226;ncia e eLearning</em>.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Três propostas para uma política científica menos conservadora e de maior desenvolvimento do território]]></title><description><![CDATA[Territ&#243;rio, interdisciplinaridade e risco cient&#237;fico no processo de defini&#231;&#227;o estrat&#233;gica da AI&#178;]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/tres-propostas-para-uma-politica</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/tres-propostas-para-uma-politica</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 12:15:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20394200">10.5281/zenodo.20394200</a>.</p><p>Portugal est&#225; a definir as estrat&#233;gias nacionais de investiga&#231;&#227;o e inova&#231;&#227;o no &#226;mbito da <a href="https://ai2participa.pt/metodologia-avaliacao-estrategica-ai2/">cria&#231;&#227;o da nova Ag&#234;ncia para a Investiga&#231;&#227;o e Inova&#231;&#227;o</a>, AI&#178;. De uma forma pouco praticada em Portugal, este processo est&#225; muito aberto a contributos p&#250;blicos: podemos sugerir, votar, argumentar, numa plataforma de debate e vota&#231;&#227;o online.</p><p>Estas estrat&#233;gias v&#227;o influenciar a forma como o financiamento p&#250;blico de ci&#234;ncia e inova&#231;&#227;o ser&#225; aplicado, afetando o pa&#237;s futuro que queremos criar. Al&#233;m de definir dom&#237;nios estrat&#233;gicos, tamb&#233;m d&#225; forma e molde aos tipos de investiga&#231;&#227;o que ter&#227;o condi&#231;&#245;es reais para se desenvolver e como.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png" width="1345" height="694" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:694,&quot;width&quot;:1345,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1639233,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/196645099?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>J&#225; muita gente contribuiu, pelo que optei por colocar tr&#234;s propostas que apontem para aspetos a meu ver ignorados mas muito mais transformadores do pa&#237;s do que os meramente administrativos. Venho aqui apelar a que colegas do ensino superior, da investiga&#231;&#227;o, dos centros de I&amp;D, das empresas e das institui&#231;&#245;es locais as lessem, comentassem e, se concordarem, as apoiassem.</p><p>As tr&#234;s propostas t&#234;m um ponto em comum: procuram evitar que na nova ag&#234;ncia se reproduzam os enviesamentos do sistema atual.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><strong>A <a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/articulao-com-o-tecido-socioeconomico-local-e-regional-de-baixa-densidade-infraestruturas-e-emprego-33097?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">primeira proposta</a> &#233; de articula&#231;&#227;o com o tecido socioecon&#243;mico local e regional de baixa densidade.</strong> Defende que projetos de investiga&#231;&#227;o e inova&#231;&#227;o devem poder ser valorizados quando contribuem para inserir doutorados no tecido socioecon&#243;mico local e regional de baixa densidade. N&#227;o se trata apenas de levar a ci&#234;ncia ao territ&#243;rio, a l&#243;gica &#233; de criar incentivos concretos para que empresas desses concelhos participem em projetos de I&amp;D e desenvolvam capacidades internas, pr&#243;prias, para produ&#231;&#227;o de maior valor, mais diferenciadora, mais competitiva, mais transformadora do nosso pa&#237;s t&#227;o macroc&#233;falo. Ou seja, dar incentivos para que haja participa&#231;&#227;o das empresas fora dos grandes centros, que envolva a cria&#231;&#227;o de infraestruturas e emprego cient&#237;fico nesses territ&#243;rios.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2979001,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/196645099?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>A <a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/regras-e-painis-prprios-para-propostas-interdisciplinares-e-transdisciplinares-reas-de-id-84-33098?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">segunda proposta</a> &#233; de criar regras e pain&#233;is pr&#243;prios para propostas interdisciplinares e transdisciplinares</strong>. Aborda um problema muito conhecido por quem trabalha em zonas de interse&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica: a investiga&#231;&#227;o interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar &#233; frequentemente elogiada nos discursos estrat&#233;gicos, mas depois &#233; avaliada por pain&#233;is de financiamento organizados de forma setorial. Avaliada por regras, pessoas e tabelas, matrizes e outros instrumentos que t&#234;m a perspetiva de apenas um setor. O resultado&#8230; j&#225; todos conhecemos, &#233; previs&#237;vel e constat&#225;vel: quem trabalha entre &#225;reas cient&#237;fica acaba elogiado mas penalizado. As equipas s&#227;o levadas a manter uma linha disciplinar cl&#225;ssica, para sobreviver institucionalmente, tratando a investiga&#231;&#227;o interdisciplinar como atividade lateral, quase como desvio ou devaneio, isto quando &#233; a&#237; que est&#227;o dos problemas cient&#237;ficos e sociais mais relevantes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3675103,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/196645099?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A <a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/percentagem-pequena-de-financiamento-reservado-para-propostas-ousadas-e-de-rotura-modelo-e-fontes-de-financi-33096?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">terceira proposta</a> &#233; que haja uma percentagem pequena de financiamento reservado para propostas ousadas e de rotura.</strong> A ideia parte de uma frase simples muito referida, que parafraseio como &#8220;a l&#226;mpada n&#227;o surgiu por otimiza&#231;&#227;o da vela&#8221;. A avalia&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica competitiva tende a ser conservadora. Se h&#225; regras, baseiam-se no que j&#225; se faz, por isso, sendo a avalia&#231;&#227;o competente e honesta, favorece frequentemente propostas que sejam reconhec&#237;veis, metodologias j&#225; legitimadas e trajet&#243;rias pr&#243;ximas do que cada &#225;rea considera normal. Por isso, defendo que uma pequena percentagem do financiamento seja reservada a propostas ousadas ou de rotura, sujeitas apenas a uma verifica&#231;&#227;o m&#237;nima de credibilidade, vulgo &#8220;<em>sanity check</em>&#8221;, e depois atribu&#237;da por sorteio, n&#227;o por avalia&#231;&#227;o tradicional, precisamente para reduzir o vi&#233;s da tradi&#231;&#227;o.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Estas propostas nascem da ideia de que precisamos de crit&#233;rios diferentes para obter resultados diferentes. Se queremos que todo o nosso territ&#243;rio se desenvolva e contribua para o pa&#237;s, precisamos de incentivos para o seu desenvolvimento, n&#227;o de esmolas. Se quando queremos mesmo que haja interdisciplinaridade, precisamos de ter pain&#233;is e regras adequados a ela. Se queremos que haja rasgos de inova&#231;&#227;o e diferen&#231;a, temos de dar ar ao que ainda n&#227;o est&#225; sustentado, n&#227;o podemos avaliar a novidade absoluta com as m&#233;tricas do passado.</p><p>Por isso, deixo-vos o convite &#224; leitura, coment&#225;rio e cr&#237;tica das tr&#234;s propostas. E, se assim o entenderem, apoiem-nas. S&#227;o detalhes, &#233; certo. Creio, contudo, que s&#227;o detalhes que podem ser mais transformadores e determinantes do que muitas parangonas habituais.</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/articulao-com-o-tecido-socioeconomico-local-e-regional-de-baixa-densidade-infraestruturas-e-emprego-33097?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">Articula&#231;&#227;o com o tecido socioecon&#243;mico local e regional de baixa densidade</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/regras-e-painis-prprios-para-propostas-interdisciplinares-e-transdisciplinares-reas-de-id-84-33098?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">Regras e pain&#233;is pr&#243;prios para propostas interdisciplinares e transdisciplinares</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/percentagem-pequena-de-financiamento-reservado-para-propostas-ousadas-e-de-rotura-modelo-e-fontes-de-financi-33096?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">Percentagem pequena de financiamento reservado para propostas ousadas e de rotura</a></p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. 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