<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Young Builders]]></title><description><![CDATA[Modern online professoring 😉: learning strategies and practices, AI-native education, immersive learning theory and practice.]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8QEg!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd1f4b3f9-fd85-4476-9b02-6fc58df597d7_1024x1024.png</url><title>Young Builders</title><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Thu, 11 Jun 2026 17:39:39 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[leonelmorgado@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[leonelmorgado@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[leonelmorgado@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[leonelmorgado@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Since the XIXth century, we have aspired to an education ideal that AI will finally compel us to adopt]]></title><description><![CDATA[Now rhetoric is free, the technical syntax is guaranteed... so perhaps we finally have to take seriously the focus on reflection, making the abstract concrete, and developing individuals' purpose.]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/since-the-xixth-century-we-have-wanted</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/since-the-xixth-century-we-have-wanted</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 21:00:40 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/desde-o-seculo-xix-que-ambicionamos">&#127477;&#127481; There&#8217;s a Portuguese language version.</a></p><p>DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20394597">10.5281/zenodo.20394597</a></p><p>Edit: thank you, Aidan Kehoe, for suggesting a native-speaker editorial change to the title. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png" width="1456" height="764" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:764,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1957608,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/199233396?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!TVjM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd19d63a-244e-4f3e-829f-5f839250e8b1_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Perhaps artificial intelligence will finally force us to take seriously an old educational ambition.</p><p>Not the tiny ambition of using one more tool, nor the dazzled eagerness to stamp &#8220;Now with lemon scent and AI&#8221; on everything we already do. I mean an older ambition: deep understanding, reflection, the creation of personal meaning, developing the ability for transfer across contexts, for active participation in a community, for critical thinking decision-making. In short: the ambition of teaching for the development of each person and their purpose. Teaching for freedom: the freedom to decide that comes from awareness and knowledge.</p><p>That ambition was not born now with AI. It was not even born in this century or the last. We can see it clearly in <a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">John Dewey&#8217;s </a><em><a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">My Pedagogic Creed</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></em>, from 1897.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png" width="1456" height="724" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:724,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1722157,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/199233396?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated." title="(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3sVt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85a25d74-d0c0-4f93-a7ef-a08ab3431975_1919x954.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>John Dewey, excerpts from &#8220;My Pedagogic Creed&#8221; (1897).</em></p><p>But Dewey was not an alien from outer space; and modern education has not remained frozen since then. Over these more than one hundred and twenty years, many people, schools, pedagogical movements, universities, and education systems &#8212; including in environments caricaturized as rigid but that are in fact demanding, such as corporate and military settings &#8212; have tried to move teaching from repetition to understanding, from mechanical training to adequacy to what is experienced, from the canonical answer to situated thinking, from pre-determined action to contextualised decision... and even towards developing individuals&#8217; ability to consciously determine their own personal and cognitive evolution. Yes, I am thinking of proposals such as Paulo Freire&#8217;s pedagogy of autonomy, Seymour Papert&#8217;s constructionism, or Virginia Kastrup&#8217;s inventive cognition, among many others.</p><p>Education has changed enormously. Just look at today&#8217;s materials, objectives, technologies, modes of participation, disciplines, relationship with work and society; look at the presence of projects, laboratories, online platforms, networks, and digital resources. Today&#8217;s school is not the school of one hundred years ago. Nor of seventy years ago. Nor of fifty.</p><p>But it is also true that it has not changed as much as it aspired to.</p><p>There is a simple reason, although there is nothing simplistic about it: turning a pedagogical ambition into everyday practice is much harder than merely proclaiming that one will adopt it. It branches far beyond what happens directly between the educator and the learner.</p><p>There are logistical difficulties: preparatory and follow-up tasks, large classes, packed calendars, many assignments or activities for a teacher to follow, many students needing guidance and advice, in short... many tasks, something terribly difficult to organise, requiring time and attention.</p><p>There are systemic difficulties: contradictory objectives that must be answered (&#8221;cover the syllabus&#8221;, &#8220;prepare students for higher-education admission exams&#8221;, &#8220;make sure they understand at least this, even if we do not reach that&#8221;, &#8220;avoid complaints&#8221;, &#8220;do not fall behind with grading&#8221;, &#8220;have a life&#8221;, etc.), inequalities, institutional pressures, opportunistic behaviours, different levels of availability or willingness to collaborate.</p><p>There are organisational difficulties: how can teachers and students be managed when learning is less standardised? How can parents or team managers follow open-ended processes, with no exact endpoint, with no clear references for comparison? How can we compare activities that are not alike, or that respond to different purposes? How can fairness be ensured when what is valued is more subtle, complex, and undefined, with more opinion-based criteria, than a predicted answer or a planned state?</p><p>And there are governance difficulties: making sense of what is happening, following it, deciding, and intervening when the scale is not just one class or one team we deal with, but a whole school, a whole university, a company, a region, a country.</p><p>That is why, throughout this long ambition for change, education has relied on operational shortcuts. Patches, let us call them: responses to the realities and contingencies that made it possible to operate at scale.</p><p>The habit of focusing assessment on delivered products is one of those shortcuts.</p><p>An essay, a test, a report, a solved exercise, a computer program, a presentation. All this required effort and could function as a reasonable approximation of the thinking we could not observe directly. It was not perfect. It never was. But it was useful enough to organise teaching, assessment, certification, management, and governance.</p><p>Another shortcut followed from that one, although it was rarely admitted, and perhaps people even swore that it did not happen: letting form affect substance. Well-built rhetoric, an answer neatly aligned with the rubric, code that ran on the first try, an elegant synthesis, or a well-formatted report, all often seemed acceptable indicators of effort and dedication, and therefore indicators of understanding. In other words: a shoddy piece of work, in any of these dimensions, might be expected to contain more factual or argumentative errors; a piece of work with carefully crafted grandiloquence might be approached with the expectation that it came from someone with stronger work habits and therefore, more probably, with problems at a higher level rather than serious inaccuracies. This helped manage the focus, and therefore the time and effort, of assessment, interpretation, feedback...</p><p>AI, <em>fortunately</em>, destroys these shortcuts. First it corrodes them, then it undoes them.</p><p>When AI, whether free or very cheap (for example, monthly costs below the price of a night out with friends), can produce fluent text, plausible code, organised syntheses, convincing images, work plans, and well-turned explanations; when AI can tick all the requested points in a prompt or rubric, and reach all the expected technical quality, the appearance of competence is assured. Not because writing well, programming well, or presenting well has become irrelevant. On the contrary: those abilities still matter. It is just that displaying the baseline of competence in a product is now assured. The final product, by itself, has become too fragile as an approximation of the thinking of the person who submits it.</p><p>If we ignore this, the outcome is a worsening of superficiality, of course: with AI, someone who knows they are only required to submit an assessment &#8220;product&#8221; can produce vacuities &#8212; things that shine, but represent nothing from anyone. Answers without reflection. The most immediate and generic options. A focus on products as samples of what one thinks, of what one knows, does not distinguish between those who know how to question, revise, choose, and judge, and those who merely accept the first plausible formulation. But the existence of AI also does something useful: it removes the comfort of continuing to treat appearance as if it were relevant to understanding.</p><p>There is a phrase I have been using in presentations and other public sessions: <strong>reach for understanding, not rhetoric</strong>. I think we can draw on several analogies. For example, the arrival of the calculator in mathematics. In the 1970s, some feared that calculators would destroy the learning of mathematics, as <a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">a January 6, 1975 article in </a><em><a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">Time</a></em><a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/"> neatly summarised</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a>. The fear had a logic: if the machine does the arithmetic, what happens to the student&#8217;s competence in doing it? Does it become useless? Will people become unable to use mathematics? Yes and no. Yes, most people stopped being able to do the kind of calculations people used to do. But society itself changed in its uses and expectations of what mattered, and school changed with it. Instead of regular arithmetic calculation at ever more complex levels, which came to be done mechanically, all children now train mental calculation techniques that were once mostly practised in grocery shops or among traders: estimates, quick approximations to decide or detect problems, immediate calculations for intuitive response... and society opened new paths: bookkeepers became accountants, mere record-keeping for final reporting gave way to scenario simulation, assessment of alternatives, exploration of possibilities, modelling the world with numbers. We can think of what happened to art when photography and cinema appeared, what happened to hunting when agriculture emerged, what happened to farm work with mechanisation.</p><p>With the emergence of AI finally accessible to society at large, we are facing a transition at this level. A large part of academic and professional production can now be automated: writing, explaining, summarising, programming, drawing, arguing, revising, translating, planning. Society will therefore change, expectations will change too, and so will what we learn.</p><p>If all we want is an undifferentiated but competent product, AI will quickly become that finishing machine for everyone. If we want understanding or reflection, we must create processes in which understanding or reflecting is necessary in order to conduct them. Processes in which assuming, differentiating, judging, imagining, valuing, and maintaining coherence or changing position are part of the path.</p><p>In other words, before we exhaust ourselves imagining how to assess old objectives in a new world, we need to discover the new objectives and design instruction for them. For that, we need to re-centre learning on value.</p><p>A decision does not occur in a vacuum. For a person to be the one deciding, they need an objective of their own. To have an objective that is their own, they need to appropriate it. Only then can they have criteria to evaluate alternatives. Criteria that are not merely words inherited from someone else, but criteria that arise from valuing something of their own: an idea, a problem, a community, a work, a question, a person (perhaps themselves), a future they long for.</p><p>This is the old ambition that AI makes almost inevitable: we are facing an unprecedented pedagogical opportunity. Yes, AI can do much (or all) of the student&#8217;s current work: Excel also does the bookkeeper&#8217;s sums. Yes, AI can also replace much of what the teacher does today: photography also came to take all the portrait miniatures and locket portraits. But AI can also make it practicable to create or expand a learning ecology where students, teachers, peers, tools, materials, ideas, institutions, and artificial agents interact to reach goals of appropriation, understanding, valuation, and initiative that today we can only dream of. <a href="https://revistas.rcaap.pt/lead_read/article/view/28902">A cognitive ecosystem (as I call it with my colleague Eliane Schlemmer</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a>, whom I thank for awakening me to the relevance of this idea) today not only in some distant future: an educational context that is a habitat, where knowledge emerges from the relations among the entities that inhabit it, not only from or in someone&#8217;s isolated head.</p><p>To make this concrete, we need to change the design of educational activities.</p><p>It is not enough to tell students to use or not use AI. It is also not enough to tell them to be creative or to choose projects that are &#8220;theirs&#8221; or &#8220;that interest you&#8221;. Giving freedom without providing structure ends up being negligence and abandonment: yes, some students move forward with intrinsic energy; but others hesitate, or avoid differentiating themselves, through discouragement, fears or hesitations, scheming, or simply a lack of horizons. Personal appropriation needs space, purposes, resources, constraints, interlocutors, moments of intellectual confrontation, and criteria that help make ambition practicable. And perhaps many other things we still need to discover.</p><p>For example, in an object-oriented programming course in a software engineering degree, the question is no longer simply whether the code runs with object-oriented syntax and mechanics. The code must run with those aspects, of course. But that is so little &#8212; <em>it always was so little</em>. What matters today, as it mattered before, though perhaps we did not dare to aspire beyond utopia, is that the student has an objective for their project, understands themselves, reflects on why they choose one structure rather than another, is able to assume a decision about the structure of the program, identifies future consequences far beyond the immediate, and identifies the constraints they face and the limits they must assume in relation to them.</p><p>Another example: in a literature review for a master&#8217;s dissertation or doctoral thesis, it matters little if the student is merely accumulating more or less well-written summaries of a collection of texts. That is so little &#8212; <em>it always was so little</em>. The ambition today can be the one that existed decades ago, before the massification of these degrees, and that today had almost been pushed back into utopia: that each student, in that review process, truly discovers the terrain before them. Not only the diversity of concepts, contexts, and perspectives, but their contradictions, their alternatives and complementarities, the areas that remain unclear, the possibilities. And in that discovery, they will have to discover themselves: faced with that contradictory, nebulous, vast terrain, what do they really want, what is their intention? What are they willing to dare, what ambition do they take on? The literature review can once again be, as it should always have been, a discovery of intellectual meaning.</p><p>These examples need development, not merely one paragraph each. They will come here in future texts of their own. Today I will stay with the idea I have developed as a starting point: AI leads us towards an education in which the delivered product does not represent learning, but rather stages of a process, of a path.</p><p>This does not mean that assessment becomes a kind of infinite surveillance of the process, which would be a perversion, an elimination of the construction of value, imprisoned in a myriad indicators to satisfy. It means that we should focus on designing processes that, if followed, promote quality and value. A process in which there is appropriation, purpose, confrontation, reformulation, creation, and transfer across contexts then lets us see more clearly what interests us. Each part of that process helps us glimpse these aspects.</p><p>Please do not read this as a celebration of AI, as if we were setting off fireworks and running after the spent sticks. I do not ignore that any transformation carries risks, problems, challenges, and yes, suffering as well as joys. What I assume is that AI forces us to be more demanding about what we call learning. Since the nineteenth century, so-called &#8220;modern&#8221; education has aspired to form people capable of understanding, judging, participating, creating, and acting. For a long time, that ambition has been limited by the difficulty of making it concrete in large systems, with finite resources and contradictory demands, but I have already spoken of that above and will not return to it here.</p><p>Those difficulties remain, in this time of AI, but the balance has shifted. It becomes unsustainable to continue confusing appearance with thought. And, if we know how to work with them, new forms of support, questioning, simulation, revision, creation, and discussion open up.</p><p>That is why the most useful question for a teacher today is neither &#8220;was it really the student who did this?&#8221; nor &#8220;what product should students submit?&#8221;, but rather:</p><p><strong>What old educational ambition does this process finally take seriously?</strong></p><p>And, since we are at it (&#8220;since we are at it&#8221;, I admit, being the riskiest and most expensive phrase in a process):</p><p><strong>What process leads the student to value, decide, revise, and assert?</strong></p><p>If AI pushes us towards these questions, perhaps it will make us adopt something we have been promising that was just about to arrive, since the nineteenth century.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>John Dewey, <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">My Pedagogic Creed</a></em>, 1897.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>TIME, &#8220;<a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">Calculators in the Classroom</a>&#8221;, January 6, 1975.<br>Note: it is indeed &#8220;calculators&#8221;; the &#8220;calculaters&#8221; on that page does not match the printed version.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Schlemmer, E., &amp; Morgado, L. (2024). <a href="https://revistas.rcaap.pt/lead_read/article/view/28902">Inven!RA: a contribution towards platforms aligned with Digital Transformation in Education</a>. <em>RE@D - Revista de Educa&#231;&#227;o a Dist&#226;ncia e eLearning</em>.</p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Desde o século XIX que ambicionamos para o ensino aquilo que a IA nos fará adotar]]></title><description><![CDATA[Agora a ret&#243;rica &#233; de gra&#231;a, a sintaxe t&#233;cnica &#233; garantida&#8230; ent&#227;o talvez finalmente tenhamos de levar a s&#233;rio a reflex&#227;o, a concretiza&#231;&#227;o, o prop&#243;sito individual.]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/desde-o-seculo-xix-que-ambicionamos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/desde-o-seculo-xix-que-ambicionamos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 12:32:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/since-the-xixth-century-we-have-wanted">&#127468;&#127463; There&#8217;s an English language version.</a></p><p>DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20394412">10.5281/zenodo.20394412</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png" width="1456" height="764" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:764,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:814519,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/198862024?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HbeE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a6d5f3-2bc0-42c9-934c-253a26bc9ab3_1600x840.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Talvez a intelig&#234;ncia artificial nos obrigue, finalmente, a levar a s&#233;rio uma antiga ambi&#231;&#227;o da educa&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>N&#227;o a ambi&#231;&#227;o pequenina de usar mais uma ferramenta, n&#227;o a ambi&#231;&#227;o do deslumbramento, da &#226;nsia de carimbar &#8220;Lava com cheiro a lim&#227;o e IA&#8221; em tudo o que j&#225; se faz. Uma ambi&#231;&#227;o mais antiga: a de compreens&#227;o profunda, de reflex&#227;o, de criar um sentido pessoal, de desenvolver a capacidade de transfer&#234;ncia entre contextos, de participa&#231;&#227;o ativa numa comunidade, de decis&#227;o com crit&#233;rio, enfim: a ambi&#231;&#227;o de ensinar para o desenvolvimento pessoal e do prop&#243;sito de cada um. Ensinar para a liberdade: a liberdade de decidir que adv&#233;m da consci&#234;ncia e conhecimento.</p><p>Essa ambi&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o nasceu agora com a IA. Nem sequer nasceu neste s&#233;culo. Podemos v&#234;-la claramente em John Dewey, no seu <em><a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">My Pedagogic Creed</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></em>, de 1897. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png" width="1456" height="724" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:724,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1722157,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/198862024?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated." title="(...) the individual gradually comes to share in the intellectual and moral resources which humanity has succeeded in getting together. (...) an inheritor of the funded capital of civilization. (...) the primary basis of education is in the child&#8217;s powers at work along the same general constructive lines as those which have brought civilization into being. (...) make the child conscious of his social heritage is to enable him to perform those fundamental types of activity which make civilization what it is. (...) science is of value because it gives the ability to interpret and control the experience already had. It should be introduced, not as so much new subject-matter, but as showing the factors already involved in previous experience and as furnishing tools by which that experience can be more easily and effectively regulated." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CX7-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74466120-69db-4274-8466-4fadf20d37e6_1919x954.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">John Dewey, excertos de &#8220;O meu credo pedag&#243;gico&#8221; (1897).</figcaption></figure></div><div><hr></div><div class="preformatted-block" data-component-name="PreformattedTextBlockToDOM"><label class="hide-text" contenteditable="false">Text within this block will maintain its original spacing when published</label><pre class="text"><em>(...) o indiv&#237;duo, gradualmente, passa a participar nos recursos intelectuais e morais que a humanidade conseguiu congregar. (...) um herdeiro do capital acumulado da civiliza&#231;&#227;o. (...) a base prim&#225;ria da educa&#231;&#227;o est&#225; nas capacidades da crian&#231;a em a&#231;&#227;o, segundo as mesmas linhas construtivas gerais que deram origem &#224; civiliza&#231;&#227;o. (...) tornar a crian&#231;a consciente da sua heran&#231;a social &#233; capacit&#225;-la para realizar esses tipos fundamentais de atividade que fazem da civiliza&#231;&#227;o aquilo que ela &#233;. (...) a ci&#234;ncia tem valor porque confere a capacidade de interpretar e controlar a experi&#234;ncia j&#225; vivida. Deve ser introduzida, n&#227;o como um novo corpo de mat&#233;ria a estudo, mas como forma de revelar os fatores j&#225; envolvidos na experi&#234;ncia anterior e para proporcionar ferramentas pelas quais essa experi&#234;ncia possa ser regulada de forma mais f&#225;cil e eficaz.</em> &#8212; John Dewey, 1897, <em>O Meu Credo Pedag&#243;gico</em></pre></div><div><hr></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Mas nem Dewey &#233; um extraterreste isolado, nem a educa&#231;&#227;o moderna ficou congelada desde ent&#227;o. Ao longo destes mais de cento e vinte anos, muitas pessoas, escolas, movimentos pedag&#243;gicos, universidades e sistemas educativos &#8212; inclusivamente em ambientes caricaturalmente r&#237;gidos mas na verdade exigentes, como os empresariais e militares &#8212; tentaram deslocar o ensino da repeti&#231;&#227;o para a compreens&#227;o, do treino mec&#226;nico para a adequa&#231;&#227;o ao que se vivencia, da resposta can&#243;nica para o pensamento situado, da a&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;-determinada para a decis&#227;o contextualizada&#8230; e at&#233; para desenvolver a capacidade do indiv&#237;duo determinar conscientemente a sua pr&#243;pria evolu&#231;&#227;o pessoal e cognitiva (sim, estou a pensar em propostas como a pedagogia da autonomia, de Paulo Freire,  o construcionismo de Seymour Papert, ou a cogni&#231;&#227;o inventiva de Virg&#237;nia Kastrup, entre muitos outros).</p><p>A educa&#231;&#227;o mudou <em>imenso</em>. Basta olhar hoje para os materiais, os objetivos, as tecnologias, os modos de participa&#231;&#227;o, as disciplinas, a rela&#231;&#227;o com o mundo do trabalho e a sociedade, a presen&#231;a de projetos, laborat&#243;rios, plataformas online, redes e recursos digitais. A escola de hoje n&#227;o &#233; a escola de h&#225; cem anos. Nem a de h&#225; setenta. Nem a de h&#225; cinquenta.</p><p>Mas tamb&#233;m &#233; verdade que n&#227;o mudou tanto quanto ambicionava.</p><p>H&#225; uma raz&#227;o simples, embora nada simplista: transformar uma ambi&#231;&#227;o pedag&#243;gica numa pr&#225;tica quotidiana &#233; muito mais dif&#237;cil do que apenas proclamar que se vai adot&#225;-la. &#201; algo que se ramifica por espa&#231;os muito al&#233;m do que aquilo que se passa diretamente entre um educador e um aluno.</p><p>H&#225; dificuldades log&#237;sticas: tarefas preparat&#243;rias e consequentes, turmas numerosas, calend&#225;rios preenchidos, muitos trabalhos ou atividades para um professor acompanhar, muitos estudantes a precisar de orienta&#231;&#227;o e aconselhamento, enfim&#8230; muitas tarefas, de dific&#237;lima organiza&#231;&#227;o, a requerer tempo e aten&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>H&#225; dificuldades sist&#233;micas: objetivos contradit&#243;rios a que &#233; preciso dar resposta (&#8220;cumprir o programa&#8221;, &#8220;preparar para os exames de acesso ao superior&#8221;, &#8220;que entendam bem pelo menos isto, mesmo que n&#227;o se chegue &#224;quilo&#8221;, &#8220;que n&#227;o surjam reclama&#231;&#245;es&#8221;, &#8220;que n&#227;o me atrase nas notas&#8221;, &#8220;que possa ter vida em fam&#237;lia&#8221;, etc.) , desigualdades, press&#245;es institucionais, comportamentos oportunistas, n&#237;veis diferentes de disponibilidade ou vontade de colabora&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>H&#225; dificuldades organizacionais: como se podem gerir professores e alunos quando a aprendizagem &#233; menos padronizada? Como podem pais ou gestores de equipas acompanhar processos abertos, sem t&#233;rmino exato, sem refer&#234;ncias de compara&#231;&#227;o? Como se comparam atividades que n&#227;o s&#227;o parecidas ou respondem a prop&#243;sitos diferentes? Como se garante que h&#225; justi&#231;a quando se valoriza algo mais subtil, complexo e indefinido, com crit&#233;rios mais opinativos, do que uma resposta prevista ou um estado planeado?</p><p>E h&#225; dificuldades de governa&#231;&#227;o: conseguir perceber, acompanhar, decidir e intervir quando a escala n&#227;o &#233; apenas a de uma turma, de uma equipa com quem lidamos, mas de uma escola inteira, uma universidade inteira, uma empresa, uma regi&#227;o, um pa&#237;s.</p><p>Por isso, ao longo de todo este tempo de ambi&#231;&#227;o de mudan&#231;a, a educa&#231;&#227;o recorreu a atalhos operacionais. Remendos, chamemos-lhes: respostas &#224;s realidades e conting&#234;ncias para se poder funcionar em larga escala.</p><p>O h&#225;bito de focarmos a avalia&#231;&#227;o na entrega de produtos &#233; um desses atalhos.</p><p>Um texto, um teste, um relat&#243;rio, um exerc&#237;cio resolvido, um programa de computador, uma apresenta&#231;&#227;o. Tudo isto requeria esfor&#231;o e podia funcionar como uma aproxima&#231;&#227;o razo&#225;vel ao pensamento que n&#227;o consegu&#237;amos observar diretamente. N&#227;o era perfeito. Nunca foi. Mas era suficientemente &#250;til para organizar o ensino, a avalia&#231;&#227;o, a certifica&#231;&#227;o, a gest&#227;o e a governan&#231;a.</p><p>Outro atalho decorrente desse, embora raramente assumido, ou at&#233; fossem feitas juras de que tal n&#227;o acontecia, era de deixar a forma afetar a subst&#226;ncia: a ret&#243;rica bem montada, a resposta bem alinhada com as rubricas, o c&#243;digo que corria &#224; primeira, a s&#237;ntese elegante ou o relat&#243;rio bem formatado pareciam, muitas vezes, ind&#237;cios aceit&#225;veis de empenho e dedica&#231;&#227;o, logo ind&#237;cios de compreens&#227;o. Ou seja: um trabalho atamancado, em qualquer destas dimens&#245;es, poderia ser visto com uma expetativa de conter mais erros factuais ou argumentativos; um trabalho com uma pros&#225;pia bem trabalhada poderia ser encarado com expetativa de vir de algu&#233;m que tivesse mais h&#225;bitos de trabalho e, por isso, mais provavelmente incorrendo em problemas de n&#237;vel mais elevado do que em incorre&#231;&#245;es graves. Isto permitia gerir o foco (e dessa forma, o tempo e esfor&#231;o) do labor de avalia&#231;&#227;o, interpreta&#231;&#227;o, coment&#225;rio&#8230;</p><p>A IA <em>felizmente</em> destr&#243;i estes atalhos. Primeiro corr&#243;i-os, mas logo a seguir desf&#225;-los.</p><p>Quando a IA, seja gratuitamente seja com custos muito baixos (por exemplo, custos por m&#234;s inferiores a um jantar de amigos) consegue produzir texto fluente, c&#243;digo plaus&#237;vel, s&#237;nteses organizadas, imagens convincentes, planos de trabalho e explica&#231;&#245;es bem gizadas, e picar todos os pontos pedidos num enunciado ou rubrica, atingir toda a qualidade t&#233;cnica expect&#225;vel, a apar&#234;ncia de compet&#234;ncia est&#225; assegurada. N&#227;o porque tenha passado a ser irrelevante escrever bem, programar bem ou apresentar bem. Pelo contr&#225;rio: essas capacidades continuam a importar, s&#243; que apresentar num produto a linha basilar de compet&#234;ncia fica assegurada. O produto final, por si s&#243; por si, tornou-se demasiado fr&#225;gil como aproxima&#231;&#227;o ao pensamento de quem o entrega.</p><p>Se ignorarmos isto, o efeito &#233; agravar a superficialidade, claro: com a IA, algu&#233;m que sabe que s&#243; lhe &#233; exigido que entregue um &#8220;produto&#8221; de avalia&#231;&#227;o pode produzir vacuidades: coisas que brilham, mas n&#227;o representam nada de ningu&#233;m. Respostas sem reflex&#227;o, as op&#231;&#245;es mais imediatas e generalistas. O foco nos produtos como amostragem do que se pensa, do que se sabe, n&#227;o permite distinguir entre quem sabe interpelar, rever, escolher e ajuizar, e quem apenas aceita a primeira formula&#231;&#227;o plaus&#237;vel. Mas tamb&#233;m faz algo &#250;til: retira-nos o conforto de continuarmos a tratar a apar&#234;ncia como se fosse relevante para entendimento.</p><p>H&#225; uma frase que tenho usado em apresenta&#231;&#245;es e outras sess&#245;es p&#250;blicas: <strong>alcan&#231;ar o entendimento, n&#227;o a ret&#243;rica</strong>. Creio que podemos fazer m&#227;o de v&#225;rias analogias. Por exemplo, com a chegada da calculadora &#224; matem&#225;tica. Nos anos 70, havia quem receasse que a calculadora destru&#237;sse a aprendizagem da matem&#225;tica, <a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">como bem o resumia um artigo de 6 de janeiro de 1975 na revista Time</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-2" href="#footnote-2" target="_self">2</a>. O receio tinha uma l&#243;gica: se a m&#225;quina faz a contas, o que acontece &#224; compet&#234;ncia do aluno para tal? Torna-se in&#250;til? Ficar&#227;o as pessoas incapazes de usar a matem&#225;tica? Sim e n&#227;o. Sim, as pessoas deixaram de conseguir, na sua maioria, fazer o tipo de contas que se faziam dantes. Mas a pr&#243;pria sociedade mudou no uso e expetativas daquilo que interessava, e a escola com ela. Em vez de c&#225;lculo aritm&#233;tico regular a n&#237;veis cada vez mais complexos, que passou a ser feito maquinalmente, todas as crian&#231;as treinam t&#233;cnicas de c&#225;lculo mental, dantes s&#243; treinadas ou passadas em mercearias ou entre negociantes: estimativas, aproxima&#231;&#245;es r&#225;pidas para decidir ou detetar problemas, c&#225;lculos imediatos para resposta intuitiva&#8230; e na sociedade abriram-se novos caminhos: os guarda-livros passaram a ser contabilistas, o mero registo para relato final passou a dar lugar &#224; simula&#231;&#227;o de cen&#225;rios, &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o de alternativas, &#224; explora&#231;&#227;o de possibilidades, &#224; modela&#231;&#227;o do mundo com n&#250;meros. Podemos pensar no que ocorreu &#224; arte quando surgiu a fotografia e o cinema, o que aconteceu &#224; ca&#231;a quando surgiu a agricultura, o que sucedeu ao trabalho dos campos com a mecaniza&#231;&#227;o.</p><p>Com a emerg&#234;ncia da IA finalmente acess&#237;vel &#224; sociedade em geral, estamos perante uma transi&#231;&#227;o deste n&#237;vel. Grande parte da produ&#231;&#227;o acad&#233;mica e profissional passa a poder ser automatizada: escrever, explicar, resumir, programar, desenhar, argumentar, rever, traduzir, planear. Ent&#227;o a sociedade mudar&#225;, as expetativas tamb&#233;m e aquilo que vamos aprender tamb&#233;m.</p><p>Se queremos apenas um produto indiferenciado mas competente, a IA ser&#225; rapidamente essa m&#225;quina de acabamento para todos. Se queremos compreens&#227;o ou reflex&#227;o, temos de criar processos em que compreender ou refletir seja necess&#225;rio para os conduzir. Processos em que assumir, diferenciar, ajuizar, idealizar, valorar e manter a coer&#234;ncia ou mudar de posi&#231;&#227;o fa&#231;am parte do caminho.</p><p>Ou seja, antes de nos esvairmos a imaginar como avaliar os objetivos antigos num mundo novo, precisamos de descobrir os objetivos novos e fazer o desenho instrucional para eles. Para isso, precisamos de recentrar a aprendizagem no valor.</p><p>Uma decis&#227;o n&#227;o ocorre no vazio. Para ser ela a decidir, uma pessoa precisa de um objetivo seu. Para ter um objetivo que seja seu, precisa de se apropriar dele. Assim pode ter crit&#233;rios para avaliar alternativas. Crit&#233;rios que n&#227;o sejam apenas palavras herdadas de algu&#233;m, crit&#233;rios que advenham de dar valor a alguma coisa sua: a uma ideia, a um problema, a uma comunidade, a uma obra, a uma pergunta, a uma pessoa (talvez a si mesma), a um futuro que se anseia.</p><p>Esta &#233; a ambi&#231;&#227;o antiga que a IA torna quase inevit&#225;vel: estamos perante uma oportunidade pedag&#243;gica in&#233;dita. Sim, a IA pode fazer muito (ou todo) o trabalho atual do estudante: o Excel tamb&#233;m faz as somas do guarda-livros. Sim, a IA tamb&#233;m pode substituir muito do que faz hoje o professor: tamb&#233;m a fotografia passou a fazer todas as fotografias &#8220;tipo passe&#8221; ou &#8220;&#224; la minute&#8221;. Mas a IA tamb&#233;m pode tornar pratic&#225;vel criar ou ampliar uma ecologia de aprendizagem onde estudantes, professores, colegas, ferramentas, materiais, ideias, institui&#231;&#245;es e agentes artificiais interagem para atingir objetivos de apropria&#231;&#227;o, compreens&#227;o, valora&#231;&#227;o e iniciativa que hoje s&#243; podemos sonhar. Um <a href="https://doi.org/10.34627/redvol7iss1e202403">ecossistema cognitivo, como digo com a minha colega Eliane Schlemmer</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-3" href="#footnote-3" target="_self">3</a>, a quem agrade&#231;o ter-me despertado para a pertin&#234;ncia desta ideia hoje, n&#227;o apenas num futuro long&#237;nquo: um contexto educativo que &#233; um habitat, onde o conhecimento emerge das rela&#231;&#245;es entre estas entidades que o habitam, n&#227;o apenas da ou na cabe&#231;a isolada de algu&#233;m.</p><p>Para concretizarmos isto, temos de mudar o desenho das atividades educativas.</p><p>N&#227;o basta dizer aos estudantes para usarem ou n&#227;o usarem IA. Tamb&#233;m n&#227;o basta dizer para serem criativos nem para escolherem projetos &#8220;seus&#8221; ou &#8220;que vos interessem&#8221;. S&#243; dar liberdade sem proporcionar estrutura acaba por ser neglig&#234;ncia e abandono: sim, alguns estudantes avan&#231;am com energia intr&#237;nseca; mas outros hesitam, ou evitam diferenciar-se, por des&#226;nimo, receios v&#225;rios, calculismo ou simples falta de horizontes. A apropria&#231;&#227;o pessoal precisa de espa&#231;o, prop&#243;sitos, recursos, restri&#231;&#245;es, interlocutores, momentos de confronto intelectual e crit&#233;rios que ajudem a tornar a ambi&#231;&#227;o pratic&#225;vel. E talvez muitas outras coisas que teremos de descobrir.</p><p>Por exemplo, numa unidade curricular de programa&#231;&#227;o por objetos no ensino superior de engenharia inform&#225;tica, a quest&#227;o deixa de ser apenas se o c&#243;digo corre com a sintaxe e mec&#226;nicas de orienta&#231;&#227;o a objetos. O c&#243;digo tem de correr com esses aspetos, claro. Mas isso &#233; pouco &#8212; <em>sempre foi pouco</em>. Importa hoje, como importava antes, mas se calhar n&#227;o se ambicionava al&#233;m da utopia, que o estudante tenha um objetivo para o seu projeto, que se perceba a si mesmo, que reflita por que motivo escolhe uma estrutura e n&#227;o outra, que consiga assumir uma decis&#227;o de estrutura&#231;&#227;o do programa, que identifique consequ&#234;ncias futuras muito al&#233;m do imediato, que identifique os constrangimentos que tem e os limites que deve assumir face a eles.</p><p>Outro exemplo: numa revis&#227;o da literatura para uma disserta&#231;&#227;o de mestrado ou tese de doutoramento, interessa pouco se o aluno estiver apenas a acumular resumos mais ou menos bem escritos de uma colet&#226;nea de textos. Isso &#233; pouco &#8212; <em>sempre foi pouco</em>. A ambi&#231;&#227;o pode hoje ser a que era h&#225; d&#233;cadas, antes da massifica&#231;&#227;o destes graus, e que hoje estava quase remetida &#224; utopia: que cada aluno nesse processo de revis&#227;o descubra realmente o terreno que tem perante si: n&#227;o apenas a diversidade de conceitos, contextos e perspetivas, mas as suas contradi&#231;&#245;es, as suas alternativas e complementaridades, as zonas que ficam pouco claras, as possibilidades. E nessa descoberta, ter&#225; de se descobrir a si mesmo: perante esse terreno contradit&#243;rio, nebuloso, vasto, o que quer, realmente, qual ser&#225; o seu intuito? A que est&#225; disposto a atrever-se, o que assume ambicionar? A revis&#227;o de literatura pode voltar a ser, como deveria sempre ter sido, um descobrir de sentido intelectual.</p><p>Estes exemplos carecem de desenvolvimento, n&#227;o de apenas um par&#225;grafo cada um. Esses vir&#227;o aqui futuramente, em textos pr&#243;prios. Fico-me hoje pela ideia que desenvolvi como ponto de partida: a IA leva-nos a uma educa&#231;&#227;o em que o produto entregue n&#227;o representa a aprendizagem, mas sim etapas de um processo, de um caminho.</p><p>Isto n&#227;o significa que a avalia&#231;&#227;o passa a ser uma esp&#233;cie de vigil&#226;ncia infinita do processo, o quer seria uma pervers&#227;o, uma elimina&#231;&#227;o da constru&#231;&#227;o de valor, aprisionada numa mir&#237;ade de indicadores a cumprir. Significa que nos devemos focar em desenhar processos que promovam, se seguidos, a qualidade e o valor. Um processo em que h&#225; apropria&#231;&#227;o, prop&#243;sito, confronto, reformula&#231;&#227;o, cria&#231;&#227;o e transfer&#234;ncia entre contextos deixa depois ver melhor aquilo que nos interessa. Cada parte desse processo ajuda-nos a vislumbrar estes aspetos.</p><p>Por favor, n&#227;o leiam isto como um festejo &#224; IA, a lan&#231;armos foguetes e a apanhar as canas. Eu n&#227;o ignoro que qualquer transforma&#231;&#227;o acarreta riscos, problemas, desafios, e sim, sofrimento al&#233;m de alegrias. Assumo &#233; que a IA nos obriga a ser mais exigentes com o que chamamos aprendizagem. Desde o s&#233;culo XIX que a educa&#231;&#227;o dita &#8220;moderna&#8221; ambiciona formar pessoas capazes de compreender, ajuizar, participar, criar e agir. Durante muito tempo, essa ambi&#231;&#227;o tem vindo a ser limitada pela dificuldade de a concretizar em sistemas grandes, com recursos finitos e exig&#234;ncias contradit&#243;rias, mas disso j&#225; falei acima e a isso n&#227;o regresso aqui.</p><p>Essas dificuldades mant&#234;m-se, neste tempo de IA, mas com um equil&#237;brio alterado. Torna-se insustent&#225;vel continuar a confundir apar&#234;ncia com pensamento. E abre, se as soubermos trabalhar, novas formas de apoiar, interpelar, simular, rever, criar e discutir.</p><p>Por isso, a pergunta mais &#250;til para um professor, hoje, n&#227;o &#233; nem &#8220;ser&#225; que foi o aluno que fez isto?&#8221; nem &#8220;que produto devem entregar os estudantes?&#8221;, mas sim:</p><p><strong>Que ambi&#231;&#227;o educativa antiga este processo leva finalmente a s&#233;rio?</strong></p><p>E, j&#225; agora (&#8220;j&#225; agora&#8221; que, reconhe&#231;o, &#233; a frase mais arriscada e cara de um processo):</p><p><strong>Que processo leva a que o estudante tenha de valorar, decidir, rever e assumir?</strong></p><p>Se a IA nos empurrar para estas perguntas, talvez nos fa&#231;a adotar algo que j&#225; and&#225;vamos a prometer desde o s&#233;culo XIX que vinha a&#237; j&#225; a seguir.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>John Dewey, <em><strong><a href="https://archive.org/details/mypedagogiccree00dewegoog">My Pedagogic Creed</a></strong></em>, 1897.</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-2" href="#footnote-anchor-2" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">2</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>TIME, <strong><a href="https://time.com/archive/6846402/education-calculaters-in-the-classroom/">&#8220;Calculators in the Classroom&#8221;</a></strong>, 6 de janeiro de 1975.<br>(Nota &#233; mesmo &#8220;calculators&#8221;, o &#8220;<strong>calculaters&#8221;</strong> dessa p&#225;gina n&#227;o corresponde &#224; vers&#227;o impressa.)</p></div></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-3" href="#footnote-anchor-3" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">3</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Schlemmer, E., &amp; Morgado, L. (2024). <a href="https://doi.org/10.34627/redvol7iss1e202403">Inven!RA: um contributo para plataformas alinhadas com a transforma&#231;&#227;o digital</a>. <em>RE@ D&#8211;Revista de Educa&#231;&#227;o a Dist&#226;ncia e eLearning</em>.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Três propostas para uma política científica menos conservadora e de maior desenvolvimento do território]]></title><description><![CDATA[Territ&#243;rio, interdisciplinaridade e risco cient&#237;fico no processo de defini&#231;&#227;o estrat&#233;gica da AI&#178;]]></description><link>https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/tres-propostas-para-uma-politica</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.youngbuilders.org/p/tres-propostas-para-uma-politica</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Leonel Morgado]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 12:15:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>DOI <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20394200">10.5281/zenodo.20394200</a>.</p><p>Portugal est&#225; a definir as estrat&#233;gias nacionais de investiga&#231;&#227;o e inova&#231;&#227;o no &#226;mbito da <a href="https://ai2participa.pt/metodologia-avaliacao-estrategica-ai2/">cria&#231;&#227;o da nova Ag&#234;ncia para a Investiga&#231;&#227;o e Inova&#231;&#227;o</a>, AI&#178;. De uma forma pouco praticada em Portugal, este processo est&#225; muito aberto a contributos p&#250;blicos: podemos sugerir, votar, argumentar, numa plataforma de debate e vota&#231;&#227;o online.</p><p>Estas estrat&#233;gias v&#227;o influenciar a forma como o financiamento p&#250;blico de ci&#234;ncia e inova&#231;&#227;o ser&#225; aplicado, afetando o pa&#237;s futuro que queremos criar. Al&#233;m de definir dom&#237;nios estrat&#233;gicos, tamb&#233;m d&#225; forma e molde aos tipos de investiga&#231;&#227;o que ter&#227;o condi&#231;&#245;es reais para se desenvolver e como.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png" width="1345" height="694" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:694,&quot;width&quot;:1345,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1639233,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/196645099?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ve2C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1d5594a-f7e1-471a-8756-46aa22e93dfb_1345x694.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>J&#225; muita gente contribuiu, pelo que optei por colocar tr&#234;s propostas que apontem para aspetos a meu ver ignorados mas muito mais transformadores do pa&#237;s do que os meramente administrativos. Venho aqui apelar a que colegas do ensino superior, da investiga&#231;&#227;o, dos centros de I&amp;D, das empresas e das institui&#231;&#245;es locais as lessem, comentassem e, se concordarem, as apoiassem.</p><p>As tr&#234;s propostas t&#234;m um ponto em comum: procuram evitar que na nova ag&#234;ncia se reproduzam os enviesamentos do sistema atual.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><strong>A <a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/articulao-com-o-tecido-socioeconomico-local-e-regional-de-baixa-densidade-infraestruturas-e-emprego-33097?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">primeira proposta</a> &#233; de articula&#231;&#227;o com o tecido socioecon&#243;mico local e regional de baixa densidade.</strong> Defende que projetos de investiga&#231;&#227;o e inova&#231;&#227;o devem poder ser valorizados quando contribuem para inserir doutorados no tecido socioecon&#243;mico local e regional de baixa densidade. N&#227;o se trata apenas de levar a ci&#234;ncia ao territ&#243;rio, a l&#243;gica &#233; de criar incentivos concretos para que empresas desses concelhos participem em projetos de I&amp;D e desenvolvam capacidades internas, pr&#243;prias, para produ&#231;&#227;o de maior valor, mais diferenciadora, mais competitiva, mais transformadora do nosso pa&#237;s t&#227;o macroc&#233;falo. Ou seja, dar incentivos para que haja participa&#231;&#227;o das empresas fora dos grandes centros, que envolva a cria&#231;&#227;o de infraestruturas e emprego cient&#237;fico nesses territ&#243;rios.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:2979001,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/196645099?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oFwA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8bcb6756-0d79-425c-8e5a-830f217baaec_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p><strong>A <a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/regras-e-painis-prprios-para-propostas-interdisciplinares-e-transdisciplinares-reas-de-id-84-33098?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">segunda proposta</a> &#233; de criar regras e pain&#233;is pr&#243;prios para propostas interdisciplinares e transdisciplinares</strong>. Aborda um problema muito conhecido por quem trabalha em zonas de interse&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica: a investiga&#231;&#227;o interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar &#233; frequentemente elogiada nos discursos estrat&#233;gicos, mas depois &#233; avaliada por pain&#233;is de financiamento organizados de forma setorial. Avaliada por regras, pessoas e tabelas, matrizes e outros instrumentos que t&#234;m a perspetiva de apenas um setor. O resultado&#8230; j&#225; todos conhecemos, &#233; previs&#237;vel e constat&#225;vel: quem trabalha entre &#225;reas cient&#237;fica acaba elogiado mas penalizado. As equipas s&#227;o levadas a manter uma linha disciplinar cl&#225;ssica, para sobreviver institucionalmente, tratando a investiga&#231;&#227;o interdisciplinar como atividade lateral, quase como desvio ou devaneio, isto quando &#233; a&#237; que est&#227;o dos problemas cient&#237;ficos e sociais mais relevantes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3675103,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/196645099?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!uDyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F38649aa0-92fb-4b21-9c60-1f1632a87848_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>A <a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/percentagem-pequena-de-financiamento-reservado-para-propostas-ousadas-e-de-rotura-modelo-e-fontes-de-financi-33096?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">terceira proposta</a> &#233; que haja uma percentagem pequena de financiamento reservado para propostas ousadas e de rotura.</strong> A ideia parte de uma frase simples muito referida, que parafraseio como &#8220;a l&#226;mpada n&#227;o surgiu por otimiza&#231;&#227;o da vela&#8221;. A avalia&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica competitiva tende a ser conservadora. Se h&#225; regras, baseiam-se no que j&#225; se faz, por isso, sendo a avalia&#231;&#227;o competente e honesta, favorece frequentemente propostas que sejam reconhec&#237;veis, metodologias j&#225; legitimadas e trajet&#243;rias pr&#243;ximas do que cada &#225;rea considera normal. Por isso, defendo que uma pequena percentagem do financiamento seja reservada a propostas ousadas ou de rotura, sujeitas apenas a uma verifica&#231;&#227;o m&#237;nima de credibilidade, vulgo &#8220;<em>sanity check</em>&#8221;, e depois atribu&#237;da por sorteio, n&#227;o por avalia&#231;&#227;o tradicional, precisamente para reduzir o vi&#233;s da tradi&#231;&#227;o.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3201948,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/i/196645099?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nglD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a16655c-0869-4b87-adc5-610aa505476f_1672x941.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Estas propostas nascem da ideia de que precisamos de crit&#233;rios diferentes para obter resultados diferentes. Se queremos que todo o nosso territ&#243;rio se desenvolva e contribua para o pa&#237;s, precisamos de incentivos para o seu desenvolvimento, n&#227;o de esmolas. Se quando queremos mesmo que haja interdisciplinaridade, precisamos de ter pain&#233;is e regras adequados a ela. Se queremos que haja rasgos de inova&#231;&#227;o e diferen&#231;a, temos de dar ar ao que ainda n&#227;o est&#225; sustentado, n&#227;o podemos avaliar a novidade absoluta com as m&#233;tricas do passado.</p><p>Por isso, deixo-vos o convite &#224; leitura, coment&#225;rio e cr&#237;tica das tr&#234;s propostas. E, se assim o entenderem, apoiem-nas. S&#227;o detalhes, &#233; certo. Creio, contudo, que s&#227;o detalhes que podem ser mais transformadores e determinantes do que muitas parangonas habituais.</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/articulao-com-o-tecido-socioeconomico-local-e-regional-de-baixa-densidade-infraestruturas-e-emprego-33097?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">Articula&#231;&#227;o com o tecido socioecon&#243;mico local e regional de baixa densidade</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/regras-e-painis-prprios-para-propostas-interdisciplinares-e-transdisciplinares-reas-de-id-84-33098?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">Regras e pain&#233;is pr&#243;prios para propostas interdisciplinares e transdisciplinares</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://ai2participa.eu.consider.it/percentagem-pequena-de-financiamento-reservado-para-propostas-ousadas-e-de-rotura-modelo-e-fontes-de-financi-33096?tab=Focagem%20Estrat%C3%A9gica">Percentagem pequena de financiamento reservado para propostas ousadas e de rotura</a></p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.youngbuilders.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Young Builders is a reader-supported publication. 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